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The Aflaj System - Current performance and potentials for improvement

Small-scale and family farmers’ collective action in managing natural resources in Oman












FAO. 2022. The Aflaj System – Current performance and potentials for improvement. Small-scale and family farmers’ collective action in managing natural resources in Oman. Muscat.





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    Small-scale family farming accounts for more than 80percent of agricultural production in the Near East andNorth Africa (NENA) region and plays an important role infood security, poverty alleviation and sustainablemanagement of natural resources. The average landholding size has decreased in the past decades, while atthe same time there has been an increase in the numberof SSFF and in total agricultural land. Small-scale familyfarmers (SSFF) do not have the possibility of realizingeconomies of scale or developing a market powercomparable to their trading partners. In addition, theyface high transaction costs and difficulties in accessingproductive services and resources and are thereforegenerally unable to seize economic opportunities. Ageingfarmer populations and limited access to social protectionand productive assets such as financial services, water andland and activity and input markets represent severeconstraints for the development of SSFF and theirorganizations, thereby limiting opportunities foremployment in agriculture.
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    This course teaches the farmer about the water cycle. It covers rainfall, ground water, the water table, surface water, evaporation, and transpiration. It also delivers information on wells and springs, swamps, ponds, lakes, streams and rivers. It explains how water is necessary for life.
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