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Book (series)Technical studyRational use of vaccination for control and prevention of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (EMPRES FOCUS ON) 2016
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Vaccination can play a valuable role in control, prevention and elimination of highly pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in poultry. However, risk of adverse consequences as well as concerns about availability of sufficient resources to conduct vaccination programmes often restrain countries from embarking on vaccination. This document discusses concerns regarding poultry vaccination for H5 HPAI, with the aim to facilitate decision making in affected countries or those at risk of H5 HP AI incursion. The document contributes to FAO’s Strategic Objective 5 by helping to increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats from HPAI. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studyAvian influenza vaccination in Egypt: Limitations of the current strategy 2009
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No results found.Vaccination of domestic poultry against avian influenza (AI) has been used on a large-scale in South East Asia since 2003 and in Egypt since 2006 to fight H5N1 highly-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemics. The decision to use mass vaccination against HPAI in Egypt was taken as an emergency measure based on positive impact of such control measures in Vietnam and the People’s Republic of China. However, three years on, the impact on disease control of AI vaccination in Egypt has been very li mited. Despite the continuous vaccination of poultry against HPAI, poultry outbreaks and human cases are reported regularly... -
ArticleJournal articleAvian influenza vaccine supply chain in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam, 2021 2023
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No results found.Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a zoonotic disease that can affect both poultry and humans. Since 2005, the Vietnam government has implemented a national vaccination campaign to prevent the spread of avian influenza (AI). In 2021, the first outbreak of HPAI H5N8 was reported in a chicken farm in Quang Ninh province. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the chain and its relevance to HPAI vaccination in various aspects, and to identify and comprehend the stakeholders involved in the AI campaign and their roles within the vaccine supply chain. A cross-sectional study was conducted from Nov-2021 to Jan- 2022. We purposively selected 114 participants, including 71 poultry farmers using HPAI vaccines, 16 veterinary drug store owners, 18 commune animal health workers (CAHWs), 8 staff from the Centers for Agricultural Services (ATSCs), and one vaccine distributor who were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. Three HPAI vaccines (H5N1 clade 1 & 2.3.2.1, H5N1 clade 2.3.4, and H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1b) were used. Distributors stored vaccines at the required temperature and transported them in appropriate vehicles. Vaccines remained in the supply chain for 3–5 months within their 12-month shelf-life period. The free government vaccination campaign, implemented by CAHWs, and administered by the ATSCs, reached 61% of small-scale poultry farms with a 1.19% vaccine wastage rate. Large-scale poultry farms followed the national campaign but paid a fee for the vaccines. We recommend expanding the support for AI vaccination to increase the vaccination rate among large-scale poultry farms, selecting higher efficacy seed vaccines, and that smaller dose vaccine vials are available for cost-effective vaccination.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookTackling Climate Change through Livestock
A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities
2013As renewed international efforts are needed to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the livestock sector can contribute its part. An important emitter of greenhouse gas, it also has the potential to significantly reduce its emissions. This report provides a unique global assessment of the magnitude, the sources and pathways of emissions from different livestock production systems and supply chains. Relying on life cycle assessment, statistical analysis and scenario building, it also prov ides estimates of the sector’s mitigation potential and identifies concrete options to reduce emissions. The report is a useful resource for stakeholders from livestock producers to policy-makers, researchers and civil society representatives, which also intends to inform the public debate on the role of livestock supply chains in climate change and possible solutions. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Insecurity in the World (SOFI) 2015
Meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress
2015This year´s annual State of Food Insecurity in the World report takes stock of progress made towards achieving the internationally established Millennium Development Goal (MDG1) and World Food Summit hunger targets and reflects on what needs to be done, as we transition to the new post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda. The report reviews progress made since 1990 for every country and region as well as for the world as a whole. Progress towards the MDG 1 target, however, is assessed not only by measuring undernourishment, or hunger, but also by a second indicator – the prevalence of underweight children under five years of age. Progress for the two indicators across regions and over time, is compared, providing insights into the complexity of food security. Overall progress notwithstanding, much work remains to be done to eradicate hunger and achieve food security across all its dimensions. The 2015 report not only estimates the progress already achieved, but also identifies r emaining problems, and provides guidance on which policies should be emphasized in the future. Key factors that have determined success to date towards food security and nutrition goals are identified. The list of factors – economic growth, agricultural productivity growth, markets (including international trade) and social protection – is by no means exhaustive. The report also shows how protracted crises, due to conflict or natural disasters, have deleterious effects on progress in hunger redu ction.