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Book (stand-alone)Rural migration in sub-Saharan Africa: patterns, drivers and relation to structural transformation
Rural employment working paper
2019Also available in:
No results found.Sub-Saharan Africa has a long history of internal and international migratory movements. Migration patterns and dynamics from, to and between rural areas are profoundly differentiated across regions, and flows have considerably evolved over time. Yet, more recently, rural migration takes place in the unique situation of a major rural and urban demographic increase, which results in critical socio-economic and environmental challenges. In this context, intertwined migration drivers emerge and call for a better understanding of on-going dynamics. This working paper draws on a combination of literature review and data analysis, building on the results of the Atlas "Rural Africa in motion. Dynamics and drivers of migration South of the Sahara". This mixed approach is used to propose a conceptual framework based on past, current and future drivers of migration, then to examine observed patterns of rural migration and finally to discuss drivers’ characteristics and dynamics from case studies and existing datasets. -
Book (stand-alone)Rural Migration in the Near East and North Africa – Regional trends 2019
Also available in:
No results found.The Near East and North Africa (NENA) has always been affected and in many ways shaped by the high levels of human mobility. However, rural migration - or migration to, from and between rural areas - is often overlooked, despite its important ramifications for food security, agriculture, rural development and regional disparities. In the next decade, persistent poverty, climatic threats and increasing competition for natural resources may fuel greater levels of migration across NENA countries. This report was designed to provide policy makers, practitioners and development partners with an overview of the main challenges and opportunities of rural migration in the NENA region. -
Book (stand-alone)Climate change, rural livelihoods and migration nexus in Zimbabwe
Impacts on rural livelihoods and adaptation
2024Also available in:
No results found.By the late 21st century, Africa is likely to experience warming and increased climate variability, which have been linked to adverse economic outcomes. Human-induced climate change, including more frequent and intense extreme events, has caused widespread adverse impacts and related losses and damages to nature and people beyond natural climate variability. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report’s (2021) continental projections for Africa indicate a projected increase in temperature and weather extremes. In the Zimbabwean context, there are already indications that rising temperatures and increasing rainfall variability are affecting agricultural outputs and, with that, food and nutrition security. Migration is one possible adaptation strategy in the context of climate change, alongside other possible responses. The Labour Force and Child Labour Survey indicates that approximately 124 000 people left their homes in search of better agricultural land, with another 4 000 people reported being displaced by extreme events between 2011 and 2019 in Zimbabwe. Earlier research indicates that 44 percent of the total 1.6 million Zimbabweans in South Africa are believed to have migrated because of drought-related food insecurity. This study aimed to investigate the climate change–migration nexus in selected provinces in Zimbabwe, including the influence of climate and environmental factors on rural migration patterns and the relationship between migration and climate change adaptation.
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