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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookProgress on the level of water stress
Global status and acceleration needs for SDG indicator 6.4.2, 2021
2021The global indicator on water stress tracks the level of pressure that human activities exert over natural freshwater resources, indicating the environmental sustainability of the use of water resources. A high level of water stress has negative effects on social and economic development, increasing competition and potential conflict among users. This calls for effective supply and demand management policies. Securing environmental flow requirements is essential to maintaining ecosystem health, resilient, and available for future generations. This indicator addresses the environmental component of target 6.4. In this report, you can learn more about the progress on the level of water stress globally, by country, and by major basin. More information and the methodological guidance can be found at: www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/ indicators/642 This report is part of a series that tracks progress towards the various targets set out in SDG 6 using the SDG global indicators. To learn more about water and sanitation in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6, visit our website: www.sdg6monitoring.org -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookProgress on water use efficiency - Global baseline for SDG 6 Indicator 6.4.1 2018
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No results found.Access to safe water and sanitation and sound management of freshwater ecosystems are at the very core of sustainable development. This is the aim of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which includes approaches to water management supported by international cooperation, capacity building and stakeholder participation. Indicator 6.4.1 has been designed to assess the economic and social use of water resources in terms of the value added when they are used in different sectors of the economy. Water-use efficiency is strongly influenced by a country’s economic structure, the proportion of water intensive sectors and any “real” improvements or deteriorations. Increasing water-use efficiency over time means decoupling economic growth from water use across the main water-using sectors, which are agriculture, industry, energy and municipal water supply. This report describes the methodology for the assessment of SDG indicator 6.4.1 on water use efficiency, illustrating its development in the pilot phase of the GEMI project and the technical steps needed to apply it. It passes to present the data collection process, and the role of the various national and international stakeholders in the monitoring process. Finally, the report shows the results of the first implementation of the indicator, defining its baseline and proposing key messages for the interpretation of the results. -
Book (series)Technical studyA disaggregation of indicator 6.4.2 “Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources” at river basin district level in Italy 2023
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No results found.This report is the presentation of the methodology applied in Italy to spatially disaggregate the computation of the level of water stress from the national to the subnational scale (SDG indicator 6.4.2). Compared to the national assessment, which results in a low level of water stress in the country, the spatial disaggregation of the indicator by the hydrological unit highlighted the presence of basins affected by water stress exceeding 60 per cent (district of the Po river basin). The analysis was performed considering the long-term average of the available fresh water resources calculated on different reference periods (1951-2020, 1961-90, 1991-2020), and this put in evidence the impact of climate change on the level of water stress. This report is part of the series SDG 6.4 MONITORING SUSTAINABLE USE OF WATER RESOURCES PAPERS that collects all the achievements on SDG 6.4. The study was implemented by the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), responsible for the model and data used to assess the total renewable freshwater resources, and the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), which has provided the methodology and the official statistics related to water withdrawals by economic sector (Agriculture, Services, and Industry). The study is the outcome of an agreement between FAO and ISPRA under the Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6 (IMI-SDG6), designed to produce a map of Italy showing the SDG indicator 6.4.2 “Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources” disaggregated at river basin district level. To learn more about the Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6, visit www.sdg6monitoring.org.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookTackling Climate Change through Livestock
A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities
2013As renewed international efforts are needed to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the livestock sector can contribute its part. An important emitter of greenhouse gas, it also has the potential to significantly reduce its emissions. This report provides a unique global assessment of the magnitude, the sources and pathways of emissions from different livestock production systems and supply chains. Relying on life cycle assessment, statistical analysis and scenario building, it also prov ides estimates of the sector’s mitigation potential and identifies concrete options to reduce emissions. The report is a useful resource for stakeholders from livestock producers to policy-makers, researchers and civil society representatives, which also intends to inform the public debate on the role of livestock supply chains in climate change and possible solutions. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookLivestock and Landscapes
Factsheet
2013Twenty-six percent of the planet's ice-free land is used for livestock grazing and 33 percent of croplands are used for livestock feed production. Livestock contribute to seven percent of the total greenhouse gas emissions through enteric fermentation and manure. In developed countries, 90 percent of cattle belong to six breed and 20 percent of livestock breeds are at risk of extinction. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookLivestock's long shadow
environmental issues and options
2006This report aims to assess the full impact of the livestock sector on environmental problems, along with potential technical and policy approaches to mitigation. The assessment is based on the most recent and complete data available, taking into account direct impacts, along with the impacts of feedcrop agriculture required for livestock production. The livestock sector emerges as one of the top two or three most significant contributors to the most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global. The findings of this report suggest that it should be a major policy focus when dealing with problems of land degradation, climate change and air poullution, water shortage and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity.