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ArticleForest environmental tax as a scheme of sustainable forest management: potential and challenges in Japan
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Forest Environment Transfer Tax (FETT) was introduced in Japan in 2019 to support forest management at municipality level. Forest policy at prefectural level is influenced by the scheme as well. For example, 37 prefectures having prefectural forest environment tax cannot use their prefectural taxes for the measures which can be implemented using the FETT. They need to consider and explain the differences between FETT and their prefectural taxes. Furthermore, FETT is allocated not only to municipalities but to prefectures to support municipalities. Another major topic of FETT scheme is facilitation of urban and rural collaboration. Urban municipalities receive FETT as well as rural municipalities, and they can use it to facilitate the use of wood products to indirectly support national and regional forest management, and to conduct forest management in rural municipalities based on urban-rural collaboration. In this study, 37 prefectures were analyzed to identify the status of use of FETT. It reveals that most of the prefectures implement support of municipal surveys of forest owners. In addition, ordinance of a prefecture has been revised to avoid duplication of policies based on FETT and its prefectural tax. Furthermore, to analyze the urban-rural collaboration using FETT, collaboration of Toshima District in Tokyo and Chichibu City in Saitama were surveyed and analyzed. As results, the contexts, potentials, and challenges of their collaboration were identified. As a background of the collaboration, an officer of forest policy section in Saitama Prefecture was working on the FETT related measures as an officer of Chichibu City, which is an example of human resource sharing between prefectures and municipalities. The contexts of the urban-rural collaboration are; two of them have long-term collaboration as sister municipalities, and Chichibu is conducting regional forest management collaborating with surrounding municipalities. Keywords: Forest Environment Transfer Tax; Forest environmental tax; prefecture; municipality ID: 3486768 -
ArticleImpacts of the national forest rehabilitation plan and human-induced environmental changes on the carbon and nitrogen balances of the South Korean forests
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The carbon (C) balance is a key to the climate regulation role of forests, and the nitrogen (N) balance affects forest productivity, ground and surface water quality, and the emission of N2O. Humans have impacted the C and N balances, but quantification of the responses of forests to human activities is limited. This study aimed to quantify the impacts of the long-term national forest rehabilitation plan and the contribution of the increase in air temperature, CO2 concentration, and N deposition on the C and N balance of the South Korean forests during 1973–2020 by using a biogeochemical model. The C and N balance increased from 0.20 to 4.30 Mg C ha–1 year–1 and from 0.20 to 17.4 kg N ha-1 year-1, respectively. This led to the whole South Korean forests to newly store 825 Tg C and 3.04 Tg N after the national forest rehabilitation plan. The increase in air temperature, CO2 concentration, and N deposition contributed –11.5, 17.4, and 177 Tg C for the newly stored C stock, respectively, and –25.4, 8.90, and 1,807 Mg N for the newly stored N stock, respectively. This study would provide references on the benefits of forest rehabilitation for the C and N balance and for future forest rehabilitation efforts. Moreover, our findings improve the understanding of the impacts of human activities on the C and N balance. Keywords: Carbon, Nitrogen, South Korean forests, Climate change, Human impacts ID: 3622951 -
ArticleAssessment of tropical forest structure, ecological networks, and species extinction in Nigeria lowland forest and Cameroun coastal lowland forest
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Tropical forest structure is a significant defining component of the forest, the complex interaction within the components supports a substantial population of flora and fauna besides storing more than half of the terrestrial aboveground biomass. Furthermore, the plants and animal species habiting the tropical forest make up one-third of the world`s biodiversity which also functions as a buffer in shielding humans from zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19. The research was carried out in the Cross River-Korup Taka Manda (CRIKOT) National Park and Omo-Sasha-Oluwa Forest Complex ecoregion which covers southern Nigeria, and southwestern Cameroon. The study estimated carbon stock estimates from 3 -meter quad polarized ALOS 2 PALSAR 2 data, validated the estimates with field measurements and biophysical metrics derived from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) L2B lidar waveform. This is in addition to the investigation of ecological networks with canopy height metrics, canopy cover metrics Plant Area Diversity (PAD), and Plant Area Index (PAI). The study discovered a mean carbon stock estimate of 136 tonnes /ha-1 from field measurements and a range of 1. 5 to 132 tonnes / ha-1 from SAR. The biophysical metrics from GEDI L2B lidar waveform (Canopy Cover, PAD, PAI, and Canopy Height) describe dense structures with a high level of biodiversity and productivity. These findings could aid in the monitoring of forest productivity and policy goals, as well as considerably improve the depiction of plant canopies in dynamic vegetation and land surface models, allowing us to better understand the carbon cycle and ecological systems. Keywords: Tropical Forest structure, Climate change, Biodiversity conservation, Deforestation and forest degradation, Zoonotic disease, Human health, and well-being. ID: 3476824
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