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Observatoire des Agricultures du Monde - Proposition de programme

Orienter les investissements pour transformer les exploitations familiales











​FAO. 2019. Observatoire des Agricultures du Monde – Proposition de programme. Orienter les investissements pour transformer les exploitations familiales. Rome.


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    Le Guide opérationnel de l'Observatoire des agricultures du monde pose les principes pour définir les types d’exploitations et caractériser leur diversité.Ciblant en priorité les exploitations familiales, les plus nombreuses dans le monde, il propose des clarifications conceptuelles et des repères simples pour construire des «systèmes d’informations» permettant de qualifier les différents types, d’en mesurer les poids relatifs et les performances multidimensionnelles, au regard des enjeux du développement durable.Il est destiné aux opérateurs de développement et aux organisations paysannes, autant qu'aux projets d’investissement portés par les États et les institutions financières, comme un outil d'aide à la décision en matière d'orientation des politiques publiques et des financements pour l'agriculture.
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    Les exploitations agricoles font l’objet d’analyses statutaires et structurelles classiques qui ne permettent pas de rendre compte de la diversité de ces systèmes de production, encore moins de leurs spécificités et des disparités régionales. Au Sénégal comme en Tunisie, les institutions chargées de la collecte des données, de la formulation et de l’analyse des politiques ne disposent pas encore d’une connaissance fine et de référentiels de la diversité des exploitations agricoles et de leurs transformations. Le projet devait permettre de développer et de tester une proposition de système d’information de type «Observatoire».
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    World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia.
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