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Policy briefPolicy briefAfrica Sustainable Livestock 2050: Public resources for animal health services in East Africa
Evidence from Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda
2022Also available in:
No results found.In the last decade, there has been major progress in designing One Health policies aimed at reducing public health threats along the livestock value chain. Stakeholders in the livestock sector, however, often point out that inadequate finance and human resources limit the capacity of the government to implement the existing One Health policies framework. The extent to which these constraints limit the capacity of the government to deliver services and goods on the ground is however rarely quantified. In this report, we present data on available financial and human resources allocated to animal health services at the central and local level in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. We find that the resources allocated by the government on animal health are particularly low in all three countries, with broad negative cost for society. Allocating more resources to prevent, detect and control animal diseases could generate major benefits for society as increase in production of animal source foods and by-products generates income and contributes to food security, while healthier livestock systems improve food safety and reduce significantly public health risks coming from zoonoses. -
Policy briefPolicy briefAfrica Sustainable Livestock 2050: Awareness of livestock sector policies, laws and One Health among local animal health staff
Snapshot from a survey in six sub-regions in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda
2022Also available in:
No results found.Livestock sector and One Health-related policies and laws provide the overarching framework that guides the development and transformation of the livestock sector. Local authorities, and in particular frontline animal health officers, are responsible for their implementation. To perform their function properly, frontline animal health officers should not only be technically competent but also adequately knowledgeable about these policies and laws. We interviewed 209 frontline animal health officers about their working modalities and livestock sector relevant policy and law awareness in two largely urban and peri-urban sub-regions of each Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda, not far from the capital cities. On average, 60 percent of officers could quote at least one livestock law and 44 percent have heard of the One Health approach. There were great differences between countries, awareness on policies, laws and One Health were lowest in Ethiopia, followed by Kenya and highest in Uganda. We also found that in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda 22, 14 and 4 percent of officers have never recieved any training since they started working. A Poisson model shows that participating in trainings is associated with an increase in the number of policies or laws and officer can quote. A logit model suggests that participating in trainings increases the odds of an officer having heard of One Health. -
Policy briefPolicy briefAfrica Sustainable Livestock 2050: Livestock biosecurity from a business perspective
A case study of poultry producers in Egypt, Kenya and Uganda
2022Also available in:
No results found.The growing population, urbanization and increasing incomes will result in an increased demand for animal source food products. To ensure the development of a healthy and productive livestock sector, investments are needed from the public and private sectors. We assess whether poultry producers are in a position to play a role in the development of healthy poultry systems by investing in biosecurity through examples of enterprise budgets of producers from Egypt, Kenya and Uganda. In all three countries, the most important revenue item is sale of broilers (>98 percent of total revenues). The two largest cost items are the purchase of day-old chicks (DOCs) and feed, covering 75 to 92 percent of total costs. Feed is the largest cost item at bigger farms (~5 000 birds per cycle) while purchase of DOCs is the largest cost item at smaller farms (~500 birds per cycle). The observed poultry businesses are profitable, profit margins range from 7 to 56 percent, and annual profits equal 2.3 (Kenya large farm) to 3.5 (Egypt) times the GDP per capita in the countries. Investment in biosecurity can potentially increase profits, however, the impact on profit is very context specific, depending on the different features of the businesses, their exposure to disease risk and market characteristics. We illustrate an example of a small farm in Uganda where profits increased by 10.8 percent after adopting three biosecurity practices.
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