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ArticleHistory lessons from the late Joseon Dynasty period of Korea: Human technology (Ondol), its impacts on forests and people, and the role of the government
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Historical analogies can help us contextualize new technical developments with social, cultural, and political forces at work. The late Joseon Dynasty period of Korea (1639–1910), a closed economy with detailed written records, provides a rare opportunity to examine a social-ecological system (SES) responding to drivers of change over a long period of time. Based on historical records and reconstructed data, we aim to: (1) characterize how the expansion of human technology, Ondol (traditional underfloor heating system), affected different subsystems and their interactions within the SES over time; (2) examine the role of the government in promoting the technology and regulating its impacts; (3) summarize the pertinent lessons learned from old Korea for governing a modern-day bioeconomy. Ondol allows various forest biomass to be utilized as household fuel, including fuelwood, forest litter, and grass scraped from forest floor. Continuous biomass harvesting over 250 years to feed Ondol contributed to forest degradation and forest ecosystem condition trapped in the early successional stage in the Korean Peninsula. The ecological changes were exacerbated by the Pine Policy with a singular focus on reserving Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) for government uses. The policy failed to recognize basic needs of the public while countenancing an expansion of Ondol and a cultural preference for heated floors that propagated an increased use of biomass fuel. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing potential technology traps where a human innovation opened opportunities for more resource use. The lessons learned from old Korea show that bioeconomy transitions would require multifaceted governance responses, while being cautious about being too closely tied to the dominant national agenda. Keywords: bioeconomy; forest history; Joseon Dynasty; Korea; Ondol; social-ecological system ID: 3481758 -
ArticleFuture issues of the forest sector in South Korea from the future workshop
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Future workshop is useful to suggest new and futuristic ideas to solve complex social problems by involving many stakeholders in the workshop. The objective of this research is to analyze upcoming main issues of the forest sector by applying the future workshop, and to provide the implications of forest policy in South Korea. Through searching the news big data, the study selected four drivers which can affect the forest sector in the future; scientific technology, climate change, economy and population. The group workshop and comprehensive workshop were conducted by predicting the impact of the drivers on the forest sector and discussing the upcoming issues by three stakeholder groups; the general public, experts and workers in forestry and forest industry. For all groups, participants generated common ideas of the issues related to the adoption of new technologies such as AI and robot in the forest management and industry in general, forest cultural services, and remote life style in the mountainous area. However, the workers group chose the issues about the extinction of mountain villages and labour shortage in forestry while the public group chose the issues about climate crisis and the economic inequality of forest cultural services. Consequently, 25 issues were selected in the comprehensive workshop, including a number of issues related to the new role of forest sector such as communication channels, carbon credit, and new position of mountain villages as well as the new technologies. Future forest policies require policy convergence based on the connection amongst various fields including scientific technology, with a variety of viewpoints. Future workshops with multiple stakeholders may help us to discover a blind spot that some experts and literature review failed to notice. Keywords: future workshop, foresight, forest policy, qualitative study ID: 3623036 -
ArticleThe change in forest productivity and stand-dynamics under climate change in East Asian temperate forests: A case study from South Korean forests
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The velocity and impact of climate change on forest appear to be site, environment, and tree species-specific.The primary objective of this research is to assess the changes in productivity of major temperate tree species in South Korea using terrestrial inventory and satellite remote sensing data. The area covered by each tree species was further categorized into either lowland forest (LLF) or high mountain forest (HMF) and investigated. We used the repeated Korean national forest inventory (NFI) data to calculate a stand-level annual increment (SAI). We then compared the SAI, a ground-based productivity measure, to MODIS net primary productivity (NPP) as a measure of productivity based on satellite imagery. In addition, the growth index of each increment core, which eliminated the effect of tree age on radial growth, was derived as an indicator of the variation of productivity by tree species over the past four decades. Based on these steps, we understand the species- and elevation-dependent dynamics. The secondary objective is to predict the forest dynamics under climate change using the Perfect Plasticity Approximation with Simple Biogeochemistry (PPA- SiBGC) model. The PPA-SiBGC is an analytically tractable model of forest dynamics, defined in terms of parameters for individual trees, including allometry, growth, and mortality. We estimated these parameters for the major species by using NFI and increment core data. We predicted forest dynamics using the following time-series metrics: Net ecosystem exchange, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, C, soil respiration, and relative abundance. We then focus on comparing the impact of climate change on LLF and HMF. The results of our study can be used to develop climate-smart forest management strategies to ensure that both LLF and HMF continue to be resilient and continue to provide a wide range of ecosystem services in the Eastern Asian region. Keywords: mountain forests, lowland forests, increment core, national forest inventory, MODIS NPP ID: 3486900
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