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DocumentOther documentWhere does the wood come from? A matrix model for tracing the origin of wood-based products
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Globally, timber trade flows have increased in recent years. While value is generally added along the entire value chain, certain environmental impacts, such as deforestation and forest degradation, are intrinsically linked to the origin of the roundwood. Bilateral trade statistics are of limited help in providing insights about the location of impacts caused by consumption of wood-based products elsewhere. This is mainly because wood-based products are often imported from countries other than the one from which the roundwood originated. We present a novel method that makes it possible to relate the consumption of wood-based products to the origin of roundwood. Thus, the method helps to provide information on distant environmental impacts of wood consumption. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Value chain, Deforestation and forest degradation, Research ID: 3623115 -
DocumentOther documentA social and gender analysis of FLEGT: Analyzing opportunities and risks for wood processing and furniture small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lao PDR
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Illegal logging and deforestation has become a pervasive issue globally contributing to environmental degradation and climate change in recent decades. Various policy measures have been enacted to mitigate unethical and extractive practices that have jeopardized forest ecosystems and the communities dependent on them, such as the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) program. Increasingly, there has been a growing body of research on the implications of FLEGT-related policies on the timber supply chain in VPA negotiating countries. While FLEGT is touted to improve forest governance and provide economic benefits, the commercialization and market formalization of FLEGT processes render dangerous possibilities for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). While recent efforts have assessed how FLEGT can ameliorate timber product output and reduce illegal forest activity, most of this analysis is disaggregated by the size and scale of timber producing operations, and has not considered the social and gendered implications of these policies on various actors along the timber production supply chain. Through a case study of Xayaboury, Lao PDR, our research examined how the VPA process will impact SMEs, and consequently the diverse demographic populations within them. Through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with government officials, private sector, civil societies, and SME labourers and owners from the local to the national level, we examined how FLEGT policies has social and gender ramifications in Lao wood processing and furniture SMEs. This research found that small-scale sawmills, women labourers, and local-level women's groups and civil societies are particulalry met with vulnerability due to FLEGT, with few to none safeguarding policies protecting their rights. We argue that policy revisions within the FLEGT and Forestry policies should be amended to protect marginalized communities' rights amidst timber legality and policy changes. Keywords: Gender, Deforestation and forest degradation, Social protection, Sustainable forest management, Illegal trade ID: 3623113 -
ArticleJournal articleWell-designed road infrastructure to save forest and its biodiversity in Betung Kerihun national park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Betung Kerihun National Park supports a variety of unique and endangered fauna and flora, including orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), Bornean gibbon (Hylobates muelleri), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), a huge diversity of bird species, especially hornbills (Buceros sp.), and various Dipterocarps. The park is directly adjacent to Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary and Batang Ai National Park in Sarawak-Malaysia, where the Punan Havongan Dayak people reside in the forest and the Mountain Dayak sub-tribes of Punan Muller-Schwaner inhabit the upper ridges of the Kapuas River. In 2018, UNESCO designated the Betung Kerihun and Danau Sentarum as a World Biosphere Reserve. The communities in and around the Betung Kerihun area have limited access to outside the area, which has resulted in poor economic development. Currently, some areas within the park are included in the government’s agenda for the Trans-Kalimantan Highway development, which uses the concept of a parallel- border road. One 157 km road segment will be built in the Betung Kerihun area, stretching from Putussibau to Nanga Era to the East Kalimantan boundary. While this road construction will bring some positive benefits, the negative impacts may significantly affect the area’s unique biodiversity and local indigenous communities if they are not properly mitigated. This paper discusses the national park’s initiatives to design a road that prioritizes biodiversity conservation and minimizes impacts to ensure this development aligns with the recent Regulation from the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 23 of 2019 concerning strategic road development inside forest areas. The presence of parallel-border roads, if carried out in accordance with the proposed design, will facilitate socio-economic development among local communities as well as support sustainable regional development. Keywords: Betung Kerihun National Park, Trans-Kalimantan Highway, sustainable infrastructure, socioeconomic development, road construction, wildlife corridors. ID: 3486356
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookRussian Federation: Meat sector review
Country highlights prepared under the FAO/EBRD Cooperation
2014Also available in:
World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.