by James T. Thomson and Karen Schoonmaker Freudenberger
FAO - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1997
FORESTS, TREES AND PEOPLE
COMMUNITY FORESTRY FIELD MANUAL 7
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© FAO 1997
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Chapter 1: Institutional issues in community forestry
Introduction to community forestry
Institutional issues in community forestry
Chapter 2: A systematic approach to studying institutional issues
Incentives
Choices
Outcomes
Case study: The village of Garin Dan Djibo
Chapter 3: The characteristics of the resource and resource management incentives
Forest resources and their outputs: Goods and services
Resource characteristics
Categorizing outputs: Private, toll, common pool, and public goods and services
Private goods and services
Toll goods and services
Common pool goods and services
Public goods and servicesImplications for resource management
Case Study: Analysis of resource characteristics in Garin Dan Djibo
Chapter 4: The characteristics of the community and resource management incentives
Key characteristics of the community
Historical factors
Social factors
Economic factors
Cultural factorsImplications for community forestry projects
Case study: Analysis of community in Garin Dan Djibo
Chapter 5: The characteristics of the rules and resource management incentives
Formal and non-formal rules
Working and non-working rules
The types of rules at work in the community
Operational rules
Collective decision-making rules
Constitutional rulesImplications for community forestry
Transactions costs
Gathering information about the rules system
Case Study: Analysis of the rules in Garin Dan Djibo
Community/professional partnership in addressing institutional issues
Steps in institutional analysis and reform
Step 1: Defining the products that are involved in resource governance problems
Step 2: Analysing the characteristics of the products according to the framework developed in Chapter 3
Step 3: Analysing the community's capacity for collective action
Step 4: Analysing the rules systems in the community as well as outside rules that affect resource governance
Step 5: Identifying 'best bets' for improving resource management and the institutional adjustments that will be needed
Step 6: Planning and implementing institutional changes
Step 7: Managing institutional change and the consequences of change
Case study: Finding a solution to the problem in Garin Dan Djibo
Chapter 7: Complicating issues in institutional analysis
Incompatible interests within and among local communities
Dominance by a few powerful individuals or interest groups
Exclusion of women or minority interests
Competing factions based on economic interestsComplications arising from interests outside the community
Limitations on decision-making and enforcement at the local level
Bureaucratic imperatives: NGO and government staff
Appendix - 1. Participatory rural appraisal tools that may be useful in an institutional analysis
Appendix - 2. Worksheet for evaluating operational rules governing resource use