29 October - 1 November, 1995
Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Editorial Board for this Report -
1. Mr. Badre Alam Khan
Joint Secretary (Fisheries), Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock - Convenor
2. Mr. Luqueman Ahmed
Joint Chief (Planning Cell), Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock - Member
3. Mr. Liaquat Ali
Director-General, Department of Fisheries - Member
4. Prof. Ainun Nishat
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology - Member
5. Dr. Mahmudul Karim
Consultant, Second Fisheries Project - Member
6. Mr. A.M.M. Hossain
Chairman, Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation - Member
7 Mr. M.A. Mazid
Director, Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh - Member
8. Dr. S.A. Abbasi
Programme Officer, FAO, Dhaka - Member
9. Dr. S.N. Chowdhury
Deputy Director, Department of Fisheries - Member
BAY OF BENGAL PROGRAMME
Madras, India
1997
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This document records the proceedings of the National Workshop on Fisheries Resources Development and Management, held in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from 29 October to 1 November, 1995. Some 125 delegates - representatives from the government, NGOs, the private sector, donor and technical assistance agencies, research and university personnel, besides fishers and fish farmers - attended the Workshop. Organized by the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh, the Workshop was sponsored by the FAO and ODA (UK). FAO funds for the Workshop were made available through the Japan Trust Fund GCP/RAS/138/JPN. Nine papers that addressed circumstances, needs and concerns in fisheries resources development and management were presented at the Workshop. This report describes the background to the Workshop and lists its recommendations. It also reproduces the papers by invited resource persons and four project proposals for technical assistance presented at the Workshop. The Bay of Bengal Programme (BOBP) is a multi-agency regional fisheries programme that covers seven countries around the Bay of Bengal - Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The Programme plays a catalytic and consultative role in developing coastal fisheries management in the Bay of Bengal to help improve the conditions of small-scale fisherfolk communities in member-countries. The BOBP is sponsored by the governments of Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the International Maritime Organization of the UN. The executing agency is the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). |
January 1997
Published by the Bay of Bengal Programme, 91 St. Mary's Road, Abhiramapuram, Chennai 600 018, India, and printed for the BOBP by Nagaraj and Company Pvt. Ltd., Chennai 600 041, India. Typeset by PACE Systems, Chennai 600 032.
This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software and careful manual recorrection. Even if the quality of digitalisation is high, the FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.
1. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
2. PURPOSE
3. WORKSHOP PAPERS
4. PARTICIPANTS
5. EXPECTED OUTPUTS
6. NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND DONORS TO BE INVOLVED
1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2. RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE INLAND OPEN WATER FISHERIES OF BANGLADESH
3. FISHERIES POLICY AND MANAGEMENT3.1 Assessment of fisheries policy
3.2 Decline in fish catch
3.3 Over-fishing
3.4 Economic efficiency4. POLICY CONFLICTS
5. STRATEGIES FOR INLAND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT
6. STOCK ENHANCEMENT SCHEMES - COMPENSATION MEASURES6.1 Approaches and methodology
6.1.1 Stocking Programmes under the Third Fisheries Project
6.1.2 Technical assumptions
6.1.3 Socio-Economic Assumptions
6.1.4 Institutional assumptions
6.1.5 Research
6.1.6 Monitoring and impact assessment
6.1.7 Protection and conservation of the stocked fingerlings
6.1.8 Results6.2.1 Socio-economic indicators
6.2.2 Impact of stocking programme6.3 Stocking programme under the second aquaculture development project
6.4 Impact of floodplain stocking7.1 The FAP 17 Phase 1 study
7.2 Objectives of flood control7.2.1 Impacts on flooding
7.2.2 Impacts on fish
7.2.3 Impacts on people8.1 Recommendations - stock enhancement schemes
8.2 Recommended mitigation measures
8.3 Future research requirements
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RESOURCES POTENTIAL IN MARINE AND BRACKISHWATER BODIES
3. THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MARINE AND BRACKISHWATER ENVIRONMENT3.1 The causal oceanographic-features
3.2 The effect of environmental alteration on resource degradation3.2.1 Water resources development activities
3.2.2 Destruction of mangrove forests
3.2.3 Pollution of the marine and brackishwater environment4. BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BRACKISHWATER AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
4.1 Life cycle pattern of penaeid shrimps
4.2 Artisanal fisheries restricting offshore recruitment
4.3 Industrial fishery reducing recruitment and killing spawners5. EXPLOITATION PATTERN AS AGAINST MSY OF VARIOUS STOCKS
5.1 Exploitation by industrial (trawl) fishery
5.2 Exploitation by semi-industrial fisheries
5.3 Exploitation by artisanal fisheries5.3.1 The estuarine set bagnet (ESBN) fishery
5.3.2 The pushnet fishery (for Bagda PL)
5.3.3 The trammel net fishery6. FUTURE STRATEGIES FOR CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
6.1 The complexity of multigear and multispecies fisheries management
6.2 Reduction of fishing effort in the ESBN fishery6.2.1 Rehabilitation of ESBN fisherfolk
6.2.2 Area and seasonal closure in ESBN operation6.3 Banning of particular fishing gear
6.4 Diversification of fishing method and reduction of mortality in shrimp PL fishery6.4.1 Selective collection of tiger shrimp PL
6.4.2 Reduction of induced mortality of PL
6.4.3 Rapid development of Bagda hatcheries6.5 Expansion and extension of fisheries sustainability at present
6.5.1 Expansion and extension of the trammel net fishery
6.5.2 The Bottom Longline (BLL) fishery
6.5.3 Expansion of the marine behundi (MSBN) fishery6.6 Management of the industrial trawl fishery
6.7 Prospect for development of new resources7. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS PERTAINING TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
8. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK8.1 Marine Fisheries Ordinance 1983 and the present situation
8.2. The agencies and institutions involved in development and management of the marine fisheries resources
8.3 Infrastructure and service facilities
8.4 Institutional strength for fisheries development, management and research9. REVIEW OF THE RULES OF MARINE FISHERIES ORDINANCE AND RELATED ISSUES
9.1 Need for revision of the rules of the Marine Fisheries Ordinance 1983
9.2 Other related matters which interfere with resource management and surveillance work10. NEED FOR INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT
10.1 Department of Fisheries (DOF)
10.2 Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC)
10.3 Fisheries Research Institute (FRI)
10.4 Need for marine and brackishwater fishery research and coordination
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. POTENTIALS OF FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE2.1.1 Natural resources
2.1.2 Aquacultural technologies
2.1.3 Processing and marketing
2.1.4 Spawn/fry and fingerlings
2.1.5 Human resources
2.1.6 Environment
2.1.7 Organizations involved in aquaculture development
2.1.8 Credit facilities3.1 Objectives of aquaculture development
3.2 Resources available for freshwater aquaculture development3.2.1 Natural resources
3.2.2 Technological developments
3.2.3 Environment and disease
3.2.4 Inputs supply
3.2.5 Human resources development
3.2.6 Credit
3.2.7 Administrative needs of the organizations involved in freshwater aquaculture development4. MANAGEMENT NEEDS: A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
4.1 Responsibilities
4.2 Notes on responsibilities
4.3 Coordination and strengthening of DOF activities related to national aquaculture development¹5.1 Strategical
5.2 Implementational
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CONTRIBUTIONS2.1 Culture area
2.2 Aquaculture production and value
2.3 Fisheries export
2.4 Employment3. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FARMS
4. CULTURE PONDS
5. GENERAL CULTURE SYSTEM5.1 Culture system during the '70s
5.2 Culture improvement effort during the '80s and '90s6. VARIOUS CULTURE PRACTICES IN USE
6.1.1 Mixed culture of Bagda with heterogeneous species
6.1.2 Monoculture of Bagda6.2 Based on alternation of crops
6.2.1 Bagda alternating with paddy
6.2.2 Bagda alternating with salt6.3 Based on seasonality of brackishwater
6.4 Based on the fry stocking and harvesting system
6.4.1 Continuous stocking and continuous harvesting
6.4.2 One-time stocking and periodic harvesting6.5.1 Completely tide-dependent
6.5.2 Completely pump-dependent6.6.1 Extensive type
6.6.2 Imperfectly improved extensive type
6.6.3 Semi-intensive/intensive culture7. CRITERIA FOR APPROPRIATE FARMING TECHNOLOGY
8. RECOMMENDED FARMING SYSTEMS8.1 Monocrop Bagda area: Bagda alternated with paddy
8.2 Monocrop Bagda area: Bagda alternated with salt
8.3. Double crop area: Two Bagda crops9. SOME SELECTED ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1 Low production rates, reasons and recommendations
9.2 Land-use conflicts, and policy
9.2.1 Need for policy
9.2.2 Policy recommendations Land classification9.3 Dearth of culturable shrimp fry
9.4 Artificially formulated feed
9.5.1 Cautious approach to semi-intensive shrimp culture
9.5.2 Pilot-scale operation before commercial operation
9.5.3 Extension units
9.5.4 Research support
9.5.5 Infrastructure in shrimp farming areas
9.5.6 Incentives
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. IMPACT ON FLOOD CONTROL DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION PROJECTS ON FISHERIES2.1 Impact on the capture fisheries
2.2 Impacts on culture fisheries3. MITIGATION OF ADVERSE IMPACTS OF FCDI PROJECTS
3.1 Life cycles of fish
3.2 Migration characteristics
3.3 Impacts of water control structures
3.4 Fish passes
3.5 Applications in Bangladesh4. OPTIONS FOR INTEGRATION OF FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS IN ALREADY COMPLETED FCDI PROJECTS
4.1 Fish stocking and fish cultivation in burrow-pits
4.2 Aquaculture programme in ponds/tanks
4.3 Aquaculture in canals
4.4 Aquaculture in dead rivers/channels
4.5 Integrated fish-farming
4.6 Fish culture in paddy fields
4.7 Pen culture offish
PAPER 6. RESEARCH AND INFORMATION NEEDS FOR FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FISHERIES RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION
3. PERSPECTIVE PLAN
4. POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH TO BE UNDERTAKEN4.1.1 Freshwater aquaculture
4.1.2 Development of GIS and ecoregion-specific aquaculture practices
4.1.3 Fish feed and nutrition
4.1.4 Breeding and culture techniques for indigenous, endangered species
4.1.5 Improved nursery management practices
4.1.6 Pen and cage culture
4.1.7 Development of hatchery and culture techniques for giant freshwater Golda shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
4.1.8 Genetic improvement of cultured species
4.1.9 Ecological characterization of waterbodies4.2.1 Development of hatchery technologies
4.2.2 Improved shrimp production systems
4.2.3 Polyculture of shrimp and finfish
4.2.4 Culture techniques for non-traditional species
4.2.5 Environmental and socioeconomic impacts of shrimp culture5. FISH AND SHRIMP HEALTH
6. INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES6.1 Fish stock assessment and stocking strategies for floodplains
6.2 Community participation in inland openwater fisheries management
6.3 Hilsa fishery management
6.4 Population dynamics and stock assessment of carps and prawns in the major river systems
6.5 Aquatic biodiversity7.1 Productivity and stock assessment of demersal and pelagic fish resources
7.2 Utilization of by-catch
7.3 Studies on the socioeconomic conditions of fishing communities
7.4 Quality control of fish and fish products
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE FISHERFOLK
3. THE FISHERIES SECTOR
4. CREDIT POLICIES
5. THE CONSTRAINTS BANKS FACE
6. THE SUCCESS STORIES
7. SPECIAL SCHEMES
8. MARKETING SYSTEM
9. FISHERIES SECTOR PROBLEMS
10. WHAT IS NEEDED
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FISHERIES INSTITUTIONS AND THE REGULATORY ACTS AND ORDINANCES2.1 The history of the Department of Fisheries
2.2 The emerging significance of the DOF
2.3 Present structure of DOF
2.4 Existing problems and constraints
2.5 Proposed mandate of DoF
2.6 Proposed structure of DoF
2.7 Involvement of Government of Bangladesh agencies in administration, management and development of fisheries3. REGULATORY MEASURES IN THE NEW FISHERIES MANAGEMENT POLICY
4.1 Conservation of fish sanctuaries
4.2 Conservation of Jatka (Hilsa/juveniles)5. ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF FISHERIES RESOURCES
6. THE FISHERFOLK6.1 Conflict between fishermen
6.2 Fishing community development
6.3 Expectations of public-private partnership
6.4 Women's participation7. ENFORCEMENT OF FISHERIES CONSERVATION ACTS
7.1 Inland fisheries acts
7.2 Suggestions for enforcement of fish protection and conservation rules and regulations
7.3 The Tank Improvement Act, 1939 (Bengal Act-15, 1939)8. PROBLEMS WITH FISHERIES ORDINANCE 2983 AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REVISION
8.1.1 Industrial fisheries
8.1.2 Coastal Fisheries (Artisanal Fisheries)
8.1.3 Constraints8.2 The Marine Fisheries Ordinance, 1983
8.3 Some suggestions9. CONCLUSIONS
10. REFERENCES
ANNEXURE-1 FISH CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION ACT, 1950 (IN DETAIL)
ANNEXURE-2 THE TANK ACT OF 1939
ANNEXURE-3 MARINE FISH ORDINANCE 1983
SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FISHERY RESOURCE POSITION2.1.1 Inland production
2.1.2 Marine production
2.1.3 Shrimp production3.1 Freshwater fish landings by species/groups
3.2 Marine fish landing by species/groups
3.3 Product forms4.1 Per capita consumption
4.2 Domestic consumption
4.3 Domestic demand
4.4 Shortfall5. DOMESTIC MARKETING SITUATION
5.1 Overall fish marketing situation
5.2 Marketing systems offish trade
5.3 Major fish markets and landing centres
5.4 Trade flow
5.5 Marketing channels
5.6 Marketing margins
5.7 Existing auction systems6.1 Landing facilities and wholesale fish markets
6.2 Retail markets
6.3 Ice-plants and cold-storage
6.4 Freezing plants and frozen storage (shore-based)
6.5 Trawler-based shrimp processing plants7. THE ROLE OF PUBLIC FISH MARKETING ORGANIZATIONS
8. THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVES IN FISH MARKETING
9. ACCESS TO CREDIT
10. SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FISH TRADE11. PRICE POLICY
12. EXISTING QUALITY STANDARDS FOR DOMESTIC MARKETING
13. FUTURE OF DOMESTIC MARKETING
14. EXPORTS AND REGIONAL TRADE14.1 Composition of export value of frozen foods and other fishery products
14.2 Major export markets for frozen shrimp and prawn15. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND INSPECTION OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS
15.1 Background information about quality assurance programmes
15.2 Fish inspection16.1 Harvesting and landing
16.2 Handling and transportation
16.3 Raw material collection system17. QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM OF SEAFOOD EXPORTS
17.1 Quality control system in the industry
17.2 Official quality control system
17.3 Modern concept of preventive quality control18. BOTTLENECKS AND CONSTRAINTS IN QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM
18.1 Infrastructure
18.2 Plant management
18.3 Institutional19.1 Infrastructure
19.2 In-plant quality control (IPQC)
19.3 Organizational facilities
19.4 Research, development and extension
19.5 International co-operation
19.6 Legal support
FOUR PROJECT PROPOSALS FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PRESENTED BY FAO AT THE WORKSHOP
1. Strengthening marine fisheries resources management in Bangladesh
1. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE
2. OBJECTIVES
3. ACTIVITIES
4. WORKPLAN
5. DONOR INPUTS
6. GOVERNMENT INPUTS
7. BUDGET2. Establishment of Fish Sanctuaries and Ban on Fishing for Juvenile Fish (Hilsa jatka)
1. INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE
2. DESCRIPTION OF FISHERIES AND PROBLEMS
3. REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF PAST EXPERIENCE
4. SITUATION ANALYSIS AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT
5. POLICY DIALOGUE
6. FISH SANCTUARIES AND BIORESERVES
7. OBJECTIVES, STRATEGY AND PROGRAMMES
8. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
9. ROLE OF EXTERNAL COOPERATION
10. PROGRAMME SUPPORT ELEMENTS
11. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
12. OUTPUTS
13. ACTIVITIES
14. INPUTS
15. RISK AND ASSUMPTIONS
16. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
17. ESTIMATED PROJECT COSTS
18. RESPONSIBILITY FOR DETAILED PROJECT PREPARATION1. BACKGROUND AND GENERAL OBJECTIVES
2. PRESENT SITUATION, PROJECT STRATEGY AND EXPECTED RESULTS
3. STRATEGY
4. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES4. Strengthening of the Fishery Extension Service of the Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh
1. BACKGROUND/JUSTIFICATION
2. PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND OPTIONS2.1 Freshwater and coastal aquaculture
2.2 Inland and marine capture fisheries
2.3 Issues3. PROJECT STRATEGY
4 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES
5. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES
6. EXPECTED OUTPUTS
7. WORK PLAN
8. INPUTS
10. BUDGET (ESTIMATE)