Contents

Executive summary

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

1. Introduction

2. Silvopastoral practices

On-site benefits
Biodiversity benefits
Other benefits

3. Barriers to adoption

4. Payments for environmental services

5. From theory to practice

What is being paid for?
How should payments be made?
Avoiding perverse incentives

6. Monitoring results

Changes in land use
Impact of land use change on environmental services
Impact of the project on participating households

7. Conclusions

Assessing the success of the project
Assessing the success of the approach
Replicating the approach

References

Appendix 1. Land use change in Central America and Colombia, 1990-2000

Appendix 2. Degraded pastures and silvopastoral practices

Papers in this series are not formal publications of the World Bank. They are circulated to encourage thought and discussion. The use and citation of this paper should take this into account. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank.

May 2004