FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 39
solar energy in small-scale milk collection and processing
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FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 39 solar energy in small-scale milk collection and processing |
by
W.B. Tuszyński
Eliza A.A. Diakowska
N.S. Hall
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
M-26
ISBN 92-5-101339-X
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1983
© FAO
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2. ENERGY IN ESTABLISHED MILK COLLECTION AND PROCESSING
3. SUN POWER AS AN ENERGY SOURCE
4. PROSPECTIVE SMALL-SCALE SYSTEMS
4.1 Capacities, processing programmes and technologies
5.2 Standard equipment specifications
5.2.1 Milk reception and measuring equipment
5.2.3 Milk-in-can heat treatment tank
5.2.4 Manual milk-in-can agitator
5.2.6 Milk quality testing equipment
5.2.10 Milk can roller conveyor
5.2.13 Supporting structures for outdoor installations
5.2.15 Absorption refrigerator with ice accumlation
5.2.16 Solar wash water heating system
5.2.17 Solar water heating system
5.2.18 Solar desorption heater in absorption refrigerators
5.2.19 Mechanical/electric power source
5.2.20 Man-operated electric generator with battery
5.2.22 Manually-operated milk separator
5.2.26 Butter-kneading machine
5.2.27 Butter-packaging machine
5.2.33 Bottle washing and filling equipment
5.3.1 Milk collecting centres with milk heating
5.3.2 Milk collecting centres with milk cooling
5.3.3 Pasteurized liquid milk processing plants dispatch in cans
5.3.4 Pasteurized liquid milk processing plants dispatch in bottles
5.3.5 Bottled fermented milk beverages manufactured from pasteurized milk
5.3.6 Cheese and butter manufacture
In most developing countries nutrition of the human population is a problem of great concern. In many cases it is a problem which is becoming more difficult because populations are increasing for various social and medical reasons. Milk is fundamental in human nutrition. It is the neonatal food of all mammal species and man is fortunate in that the milk of many domesticated animals can be used as an important part of his diet throughout life.
Milk is a perishable foodstuff because it is an excellent medium for the growth of microorganisms which cause spoilage. This can be countered by various conservation processes, some traditional, and some developed by modern technology. Even at a very modest scale of operations these processes need energy. Energy from conventional sources is becoming increasingly expensive, adding to the difficulty of promoting milk collection and processing projects in developing countries. Such countries, however, usually have a wealth of solar energy which is free and inexhaustible. The cost of such energy is that required only for the apparatus necessary to collect and transform it.
This book explores the possibilities of applying solar energy to small-scale milk projects. It suggests simple processing technologies which will readily be understood by those who may have social or administrative responsibilities for the well-being of a less affluent population. It also outlines the problems of harnessing solar energy and provides the necessary background information for those expert in this field. These problems are such that the schemes suggested must be limited to a maximum of 1 600 litres per day and thus would be applicable primarily to village communities. It is probable that this is the scale where new effort is needed and can be of the greatest benefit to the country concerned.
It is hoped that this publication will interest those concerned with promoting milk production, collection and processing schemes in developing countries and that the information presented will help in establishing pilot development projects, possibly with external financial and technical assistance.