FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 207FIRI/T207
Cover
MANAGEMENT OF ASIAN RESERVOIR FISHERIES


CONTENTS

Prepared


by


Thiraphan Bhukaswan
Department of Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Bangkok, Thailand


The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.


M-43
ISBN 92-5-101023-4


The copyright in this book is vested in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by any method or process, without written permission from the copyright holder. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.


PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

The Working Party of Experts on Inland Fisheries of the Indo-Pacific Fishery Commission, at a meeting in January 1978 in Bangkok, recommended collection of material on the experiences with reservoir fisheries in Southeast Asia.

This document combines this information with that known from elsewhere in the world to present an overview and to assist in further reservoir fishery developments in Southeast Asia. It has four major parts: fish population studies; management of habitats; management of fish population; fish regulations and controls.


Distribution:For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows:
FAO Fisheries
Department FAO Regional Fisheries Officers
IPFC
Selector SI
Author
Bhukaswan, T., Management of Asian reservoir 1980 fisheries. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., (207):69 p.

Abstract
An increasing number of impoundments in Southeast Asian countries is now becoming available for fishery management purposes. This report is an overview of reservoir fisheries experience, based both on temperate and tropical countries. It provides a synthesis of information of fish population studies, including predictions of fish potential yield, alternatives for management of fish populations and for management of the habitat. It should assist in planning fishery management strategies for new reservoirs, and improve the management of existing reservoir fisheries in Southeast Asia.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome 1980 © FAO

Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.

This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software. FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.

CONTENTS

1.   GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

1.1   Introduction

1.2   Fish Production in Reservoirs

1.3   Factors Affecting Fish Production in Reservoirs

1.4   The Need for Reservoir Fishery Management

2.   FISH POPULATION STUDIES

2.1   The Formation of Fish Populations

2.2   Species Composition of Fish

2.3   Population Distribution

2.4   Estimates of Fish Population

2.4.1   Enumeration Methods

2.4.1.1   The area density method
2.4.1.2   Acoustic method

2.4.2   Mark and Recapture Methods

2.4.3   Determination from Catch Statistics

2.5   Age Composition

2.6   Growth

2.7   Reproduction

2.7.1   Rate of Maturation

2.7.2   Fecundity

2.7.3   Spawning

2.7.4   The Survival of Eggs and Fry

2.8   Recruitment

2.9   Fish Yield

2.10   Prediction of Fish Potential Yield

2.10.1   Ryder Model

2.10.2   Jenkins Model

2.10.3   Gulland Model

2.10.4   Trophodynamic Model

3.   MANAGEMENT OF HABITATS

3.1   Timber Clearing

3.2   Fish Passage

3.3   Artificial Spawning Ground

3.4   Management of Tail-Waters

3.5   Control of Aquatic Vegetation

3.5.1   Preventive Measures

3.5.2   Physical Control

3.5.3   Chemical Control

3.5.3.1   Control of algae
3.5.3.2   Control of floating and emergent aquatic plants
3.5.3.3   Control of submerged plants

3.5.4   Biological Control

3.5.4.1   Insects
3.5.4.2   Snails
3.5.4.3   Fish
3.5.4.4   Manatees

3.5.5   Integrated Control

4.   MANAGEMENT OF FISH POPULATION

4.1   Selective Killing of Undesirable Species

4.2   Stocking

4.3   Increasing of Food Supply to Fish

4.4   Regulation of Water Level

4.5   Elimination of Fish Parasites and Diseases

5.   FISHING REGULATIONS AND CONTROLS

5.1   Closed Areas and Closed Seasons

5.2   Size Limitation

5.3   Limitation of Entry

5.4   Prohibition of Destructive Fishing Methods

6.   REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 - Distribution of reservoirs in the world

Figure 2 - Distribution of reservoirs in Southeast Asia

Figure 3 - Production and other dynamic variables of a man-made lake, based on Lake Kariba (from Balon and Coche, 1974)

Figure 4 - Predicted yield curves for six sets of natural lakes representing six of the world's climatic zones

Figure 5 - Yield and/or biomass curves for four regional lake groups

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 - Data used in estimating long-term potential yield for Lake Nasser, Egypt, based on the Gulland (1971) model

Table 2 - Some suggested herbicides and their effectiveness in controlling algae

Table 3 - Some suggested herbicides and dosages recommended to control floating and emergent aquatic plants

Table 4 - Some suggested herbicides and dosages recommended to control submerged aquatic plants