CIFA TECHNICAL PAPER 23

Aquaculture development and research in sub-Saharan Africa Synthesis of national reviews and indicative action plan for research CONTENTS

by
André G. Coche
Consultant, FAO/ECA
Rome, Italy

Boyd A. Haight
Senior Aquaculturist, FAO/ALCOM
Harare, Zimbabwe

Michel M.J. Vincke
Consultant, FAO/ECA
Koksyde, Belgium

ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

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M-44
ISBN 92-5-103511-3

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PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

The present document is the final version of the main document used as discussion paper at the Second Session of the Working Party on Aquaculture of the Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA). The meeting - which took place in Harare, Zimbabwe, from 13 to 17 September 1993 - was made possible by the collaboration between the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), the Directorate General XII (Research) of the European Commission (EC) and the Fisheries Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This paper, based on twelve national reports which will subsequently be published as supplement, in addition to fulfilling the immediate purpose of updating the information on aquaculture development and research needs in the countries in Africa South of the Sahara, where the bulk of aquaculture products comes from, is also a contribution of the three sponsoring agencies to the follow-up of the Study on International Fisheries Research (SIFR), which is supported by the fisheries donor community.

Distribution:

Authors
ECA
EC, DG-XII
EC, DG-VIII
FAO Regional Offices
FAO Fisheries Department
CIFA Mailing List
Mailing List Aquaculture (Africa)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Rome, FAO 1994

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This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software. FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.

Contents

Abbreviations

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

PART I: AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH NEEDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

1. AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

1.1 General Background

1.1.1 History of the development of aquaculture
1.1.2 Actual characteristics of the aquaculture sector
1.1.3 Physical resources
1.1.4 Human resources
1.1.5 Economic situation

1.2 Public Development. Infrastructure and Personnel

1.2.1 Public infrastructure
1.2.2 Administration and state farms personnel (excl. extension)

1.3 Support Activities for Aquaculture Development

1.3.1 Aquaculture extension
1.3.2 Aquaculture legislation
1.3.3 Aquaculture credit scheme
1.3.4 Aquaculture research
1.3.5 Miscellaneous support activities

1.4 Institutional Framework

1.4.1 Aquaculture priority status
1.4.2 Stability of the institutional framework
1.4.3 Administrative organization
1.4.4 Coordination of aquaculture activities

1.5 Aquaculture Education and Training

1.5.1 Specialized university curriculum
1.5.2 Specialized university courses
1.5.3 Specialized secondary education
1.5.4 Practical on-station training

1.6 Aquaculture Development Planning
1.7 Aquaculture Data Base
1.8 Aquaculture Development Evaluations
1.9 Aquaculture Development Projects

1.9.1 Origin of development projects
1.9.2 Objectives of development projects
1.9.3 Performance of development projects

1.10 Aquaculture Development Constraints

1.10.1 Development constraints in sub-Saharan Africa
1.10.2 Regional development constraints

1.11 Summary: The Aquaculture Development Sector

1.11.1 Main characteristics of the sector and actual trends
1.11.2 Physical and human resources - economic situation
1.11.3 Development infrastructure and personnel
1.11.4 Support activities and development evaluations
1.11.5 Institutional framework, planning and data base
1.11.6 Aquaculture education and training
1.11.7 Aquaculture development projects and technical assistance
1.11.8 Aquaculture development constraints
1.11.9 Personal considerations and comments

2. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2.1 Description of the Research Sector

2.1.1 Participation
2.1.2 Definition of research objectives
2.1.3 General orientation of research
2.1.4 Available resources for research

2.2 Main Aquaculture Research Programmes

2.2.1 Immediate research objectives
2.2.2 Duration of research programmes
2.2.3 Distribution of research programmes

2.3 Institutional Framework for Aquaculture Research

2.3.1 Definition of research programmes
2.3.2 Fund raising
2.3.3 Utilization of research results
2.3.4 Research as development support

2.4 Collaboration Between Research and Production Sectors

2.4.1 Reasons for collaboration
2.4.2 Subjects of collaboration
2.4.3 Mechanisms of collaboration

2.5 Results of Main Aquaculture Research Programmes
2.6 Summary: The Aquaculture Research Sector

2.6.1 Description of the research sector
2.6.2 Main aquaculture research programme
2.6.3 Institutional framework of research
2.6.4 Collaboration between research and production sectors
2.6.5 Results of main research programmes
2.6.6 Personal considerations and comments

3. AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH PRIORITIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

3.1 Aquaculture Development Priorities

3.1.1 Identification of the priorities
3.1.2 Priority subjects
3.1.3 Type of priorities
3.1.4 Implementation responsibility
3.1.5 Requested assistance for implementation of development priorities
3.1.6 Relative importance of the priorities

3.2 Aquaculture Research Priorities

3.2.1 Identification of the priorities
3.2.2 Priority research subjects
3.2.3 Type of priorities
3.2.4 Implementation responsibility
3.2.5 Requested assistance for priorities implementation
3.2.6 Relative importance of the priorities

3.3 Personal Comments and Considerations

3.3.1 Development priorities
3.3.2 Research priorities

PART II: INDICATIVE ACTION PLAN FOR AQUACULTURE RESEARCH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROPOSED AQUACULTURE RESEARCH PROGRAMMES

2.1 Approach to Designing Programmes
2.2 Programme Classification
2.3 Prioritization
2.4 Programme Interactions
2.5 Links with Other Institutions

3. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH ACTION PLAN

3.1 Research Programmes Framework
3.2 Activation of Each Research Programme

3.2.1 Donors' meeting: interest and/or financing
3.2.2 Preparatory phase
3.2.3 Implementation phase

4. REGIONAL AQUACULTURE RESEARCH PROGRAMMES

Aquaculture Information Centres
Socio-economics of Aquaculture Production and Target Groups
Production Indicators for Aquaculture
Pond Fertilization and Fish Feeds
     Organic fertilization strategies
     Supplementary feeds and feeding strategies
     Integration of fish and livestock productions
Fish Broodstock Improvement and Management
Small Water Body Fisheries Enhancement
Aquaculture in Irrigation Schemes
Indigenous Fish Species Culture
Marine Aquaculture

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annex 1 Potential coordination mechanisms for aquaculture research/development in sub-Saharan Africa

2 Public development infrastructure, personnel and support activities

3 Institutional framework, education/training, planning, statistics and evaluations

4 Main aquaculture development projects - West Africa

5 Main aquaculture development projects - Central Africa

6 Main aquaculture development projects - East Africa

7 Main aquaculture development projects - Southern Africa (URT and MLW)

8 Main aquaculture development projects - Southern Africa (ZAM and ZIM)

9 Aquaculture development constraints

10 Research sector: Participation, objectives, definition and orientation

11 Research sector: Resources available

12 Main aquaculture research programmes - West and Central Africa

13 Main aquaculture research programmes - East and Southern Africa

14 Main aquaculture research programmes - Southern Africa (ZAM and ZIM)

15 Research institutional framework and contributions to development

16 Results of main research programmes - West and Central Africa

17 Results of main research programmes - East and Southern Africa

18 Results of main research programmes - Southern Africa (ZAM, ZIM)

19 Aquaculture development priorities - West Africa

20 Aquaculture development priorities - Central Africa

21 Aquaculture development priorities - East Africa

22 Aquaculture development priorities - Southern Africa

23 Aquaculture research priorities in West Africa

24 Aquaculture research priorities in Central Africa

25 Aquaculture research priorities in East Africa

26 Aquaculture research priorities in Southern Africa (URT and MLW)

27 Aquaculture research priorities in Southern Africa (ZAM and ZIM)

Abbreviations

(a) Currencies (1993)

(b) Countries (see also Table 1)

(c) Institutions/Agencies

(d) Economic groupings (See Annex 1)

(e) Miscellaneous