South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme Intermediate technology and alternative energy systems for small scale fisheries
| South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme Intermediate technology and alternative energy systems for small scale fisheries |
| WORK PLAN IMPLEMENTATION | SCS/79/WP/87 |
| (Working Paper) |
| SCS/79/WP/87 | November 1979 |
INTERMEDIATE TECHNOLOGY AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS
FOR SMALL SCALE FISHERIES
by
David B. Thomson
Sr. Fisheries Extension and Training Officer
UNDP/FAO South China Sea Fisheries Development
and Coordinating Programme
SOUTH CHINA SEA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATING PROGRAMME
Manila, Philippines
November 1979
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT
The copyright in this publication is vested in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by any method or process, without written permission from the copyright holder. Applications for such permission with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired, should be made through and addressed to the Programme Leader, South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme, P.O. Box 1184, M.C.C., Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines
Paper prepared for the Indo-Pacific Fishery Commission
Symposium on the Development and Management of Small Scale Fisheries
(19th Session IPFC, Kyoto, Japan, May 1980)
Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.
This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software. FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.
1. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND SMALL SCALE FISHERIES
1.1 Background
1.2 Mechanization and Technology
1.3 Resource Management
1.4 Innovation
1.5 Marketing and Processing
1.6 Credit
1.7 Training
2.1 Petroleum Consumption
2.2 Reducing Energy Requirements
2.3 Alternative Fuels
2.4 Alcohol
2.5 Biogas
3.1 Wind Energy
3.2 Water Power
3.3 Tidal Power
3.4 Wave Power
3.5 Solar Energy
4.1.1 Fish stocks
4.1.2 Manpower
4.1.3 Fuel consumption
4.2 Traditional Vessels
4.3 Sail and Power
4.4 Biogas on Fishing Boats
4.5 Reducing Costs
4.6 Summary
5.1 Traditional Processes
5.2 Fish Quality Control
5.3 Improved Drying and Curing
5.4 Fish Silage
5.5 Fishery By-Products
5.6 Canned and Bottled Fish
6.1 Socio-Economic Structure
6.2 Water Supplies
6.3 Simple Tools and Equipment
7.1 Benefits of an Integrated Approach
7.2 Model Communities
7.3 Agriculture in Coastal Villages
7.4 Reducing Costs
Review of Problems and Solutions
1. Fish Catches (Norwegian Vessels) Relative to Fuel
Consumption and Crew Size
2. Processes for Producing Alcohol
3. Biogas Production: Volumes Obtainable from Waste
Matter
4. Estimate of Relative Costs Diesel Generator and
Wind Generator
5. Power Consumptions of Common Electrical
Appliances (watts per hour)
6. Fishing Vessel Earnings/Fuel Consumption Statistics
of Top Fishing Vessels in U.K., 1978
7. Monograph for Flow in Bamboo Pipe
1. Large Purse Seiner, 54 × 11 m, 3,200 hp
2. Small Fishing Canoe, 6 × 0.3 m, sail powered
3. Rise in Fuel Prices, Major Fishing Ports in Britain
4. Comparison of Industrial and Organic, Large Scale
and Small Scale Fertilizer Production
5. Biogas Units
6. Indian Biogas Unit for Rural Villages
7. Low Cost Windmills
8. Water Wheel
9. The New Low Cost Perlite, 1.5 kw Water Turbine
10. High Temperature Solar Collectors
11. Flat Plate Solar Collectors
12. Cost of Electricity Generation by Solar Power
13. Silicon Photovoltaic Cells
14. Large Factory Trawler, 66 × 13 m, 2,600 hp
15. Small Pair Trawler, 24 × 7 m, 420 hp
16. Modern Fishing Craft Using Auxiliary Sail Power
17. Biogas on Fishing Boats Possible Application
18. Drying Fish by Traditional Methods
19. Action of SWS Water Filtration System
20. Solar Fish Dryer
21. Types of Dried, Salted and Smoked Fish Products
22. Extracting Oil from Fish Offal
23. Fishery By-Products - Shark Skin
24. Protein Feed Requirements of Cattle, Poultry & Fish
25. Bamboo Piping and Plumbing
26. Bicycle Type Pedal Pumps
27. Appropriate Technology for Fish Farming
28. Simple Tools for Fish Farming
29. Aquasolarium Solar-Wind Powered Aquatic Food
Production Unit
30. Flow of Money in an Intermediate Technology
Model Village
31. An Integrated Aquaculture - Agriculture System
32. The “Ark” New Alchemists Design
33. Integrated Fishery Village Operations
34. Hydroponic Vegetable Growing Using Seawater as
Fertilizer
35. Rural Smitheries Suitable for Fishing Villages
36. Prototype Integrated Systems Using Natural Energy
Against the background of the small scale fisheries of the Indo-Pacific region, the paper reviews the need for and relevance of an intermediate technology approach to fisheries development. This is in view of the impending energy crisis, the increasing socio-economic problems of rural fishermen, and the unemployment, pollution, waste and resource depletion resulting from some industrial fishery activities. To avoid future dependance on diminishing resources of fossil fuels, available substitute fuels from organic sources are recommended. Natural energy sources which can power vessels, fish plants, vehicles and fish farms are discussed. Technologies which are low in capital cost and energy requirements and are appropriate to rural fishing villages, are outlined. In view of the current critical situation and the emergence of an appropriate intermediate technology, the writer examines ways in which small scale fisheries may benefit by adapting vessels, fishing methods, fish processing and fish farming activities to obtain the maximum production at the minimum energy consumption and minimum waste of raw materials, while conserving the resource and providing useful, interesting and remunerative work for fishermen and their families. Integrated village systems are proposed and the writer concludes by outlining the potential benefits of wise application of the principles to small scale fisheries throughout the world.