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NewsletterPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) regional awareness
No. 2 - 2007
2007Also available in:
No results found.This issue of Focus On, the latest addition to FAO’s Emergency Prevention System (EMPRES) publications, looks into porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which was first recognized in the United States in 1987 although its description had appeared in some countries years earlier, is now found in almost all swine producing countries. A number of PRRS outbreaks have occurred recently in South Africa, Russia, China and Viet Nam. The disease, which represents a worldwide threat, is ch aracterized by reproductive failure of sows and respiratory distress of piglets and fattening pigs which, combined with a potential for rapid spread, can cause significant production and economic losses. Two major antigenic types of the virus exist, the European and the American type. Some of the reports from Asia, where the PRRS virus has been isolated, describe a disease of swine with high mortality in different age groups. The key elements for prevention, control and eradication of PRRS are e arly detection and rapid laboratory confirmation, quick identification of infected farms, and rapid response through a variety of stamping out strategies and the use of vaccines with proven efficacy. This "Focus on PRRS" recommends that veterinary services reinforce their capacity in PRRS surveillance and diagnosis by training veterinarians in disease recognition, and by initiating or reviewing contingency plans in the event of disease introduction. It is also important to update risk ass essments for PRRS and other transboundary swine diseases, giving adequate attention to the trade in live pigs for breeding, pork products and routes of infection such as semen or swill feeding with contaminated products from affected areas. -
Book (series)Introduction and spread of lumpy skin disease in South, East and Southeast Asia
Qualitative risk assessment and management
2020Also available in:
No results found.Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a vector-borne disease of cattle and Asian water buffalo that is included on the OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) list of notifiable diseases. In July 2019 LSD was introduced to Bangladesh, China and India and then spread to Nepal and Bhutan and in 2020 to various provinces of China and India. A qualitative risk assessment was conducted to assess the likelihood of introduction and/or spread of LSD in 23 countries in South, East and Southeast Asia based on information available up to 31 October 2020. The economic impact of LSD for South, East and Southeast countries was estimated to be up to USD 1.45 billion in direct losses of livestock and production. These losses may be higher, due to the severe trade implications for infected countries. This document provides an overview of LSD control approaches, including prevention. The cost-effectiveness estimation demonstrates a strong economic justification for vaccination and advocates for a regional approach to harmonize control measures. -
Book (stand-alone)Reducing pandemics risks at source: Wildlife, environment and One Health foundations in East and South Asia 2022
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No results found.Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are infections associated with new or significantly-expanded geographic scope or spread of zoonotic, vector-borne, and drug-resistant pathogens. The majority of EIDs have animal origins, and of those, the most recent EIDs are tied to wildlife. They are also increasing in frequency, with recurring outbreaks causing epidemics and pandemics exacting tremendous health and economic costs on individuals, nations, and the global economy. Strategies to reduce EID risks and better prevent future events from happening, need to comprehensively include wildlife - and the multiple interactions between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans - in a holistic way. ‘One Health’ addresses this, with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes while recognizing the interconnections between people, animals, plants, and their shared environments. In this report, we explore the root causes of pathogen spillover and disease emergence from wildlife to humans in East and South Asia, we review existing strengths and gaps of One Health systems, and provide recommendations to improve their performance by better including wildlife considerations. We describe human practices that increase exposure to pathogens, and specific, tangible actions to reduce risks along the chain, prioritizing the wildlife trade, food systems, and the environment. The report argues that investing in prevention of wildlife-originated human EIDs at source is extremely cost-effective, and is thus to be viewed as a public good, with benefits within and across national boundaries. The cost of inaction, by contrast, is very high.
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