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DocumentModelling pine and spruce wood mechanical properties in different initial stand density plantations in Lithuania
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Two main parameters of wood quality in constructions are wood modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR). To understand what kind of quality wood we are growing in our forests and how environment and forest management could affect wood quality parameters, we need to model these parameters by stand, tree, and sample results. This would help to predict MOE and MOR for the future stands.
To determine the influence of stand density and thinning intensity on wood mechanical and physical properties of Scots pine and Norway spruce, the data was obtained from experimental trials plots, which were established in 1990 by Institute of Forestry. The experimental object was divided to a smaller trial plots with different initial stand density: 2 plots with 3000-4400 trees per hectare, 2 plots with 2000-2400 trees per hectare, 2 plots with 1000-1200 trees per hectare. In these trial plots different thinning programs were used 3; 2; 1 time. From each trial plot 6 model trees were chosen (38 Spruce and 76 Pine trees).
Models were created by SAS statistical package. General linear regression models were chosen to create 4 models for prediction of: dynamic modulus of elasticity for log (MOElog); dynamic modulus of elasticity for samples (MOEdyn); global static modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) All parameters for creating models were chosen as random effects. Stand parameter was stand density (SD). Tree parameters were diameter at breast high (DBH), competition index (CI), average ring width (RD), average ring density (RD) and log high (LH). Sample parameters were knot at fracture point (K) and sample wood density (WD).
Best result for MOE models was in pine stand R2=0,82 spruce stand R2=0,85. R2=0,57 was in pine stand for MOR and R2=0,65 in spruce stand. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Research ID: 3484790 -
ArticleLand use and land use changes by the farmers from mulberry (Morus alba) plantations to green forest tree based farming for income growth and sustainability in Malda district of India
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Malda district was famous for two economic activities viz. Mango (Mangifera indica) cultivation and rearing mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). Earlier silkworm rearing was a flourishing cottage industry and every households of Kaliachak block reared silkworm for cocoon production. It was the major livelihood of rural farmers but they suffered heavily due to cheap import of silk from China. Thus, the backbone of farmers was crippled, hence they started cultivating various trees in mulberry fields along with agricultural crops for sustaining their livelihood. Present study was undertaken to know how farmers adjusted to new situation, their knowledge about trees, income growth and sustainability. It was observed that mulberry was raised as herb and leaves were fed to the silkworm larvae at home. Traditionally farmers planted Dalbergia sissoo trees on the border of mulberry fields but later on they started planting other trees. A few farmers uprooted their mulberry bushes and converted to Swietenia macrophylla plantation. Some farmers converted their entire land to Mango and Litchi chinensis orchards for long term gains. Besides, some traditional farmers, around 10% still continued with silkworm rearing for their livelihood security but planted few rows of trees like Tectona grandis, D.sissoo, Bombax ceiba, S.macrophylla and Acacia auriculiformis. Few big farmers converted their mulberry fields into ponds for fishery, however, planted Mango and Sissoo on border. The first crops inside the tree plantations were Maize, Papaya and Vegetables which gave farmers quick income. Later, Banana and Citrus were planted. These activities are still continuing, but timber harvesting has also started which will give high returns. These forest tree based land changes not only provided sustainable income growth to farmers, but also made them drought resilient leading to climate change mitigation and adaptation besides conserving plant biodiversity. Key words: Landscape management, Agriculture, Biodiversity conservation ID: 3475637 -
DocumentThe green pathway to growth and sustainability: Sustainable management of rubber plantations
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Vietnam Rubber Group (VRG) is the largest natural rubber producer, with over 410,000 ha located in Viet Nam, Laos, and Cambodia. VRG is always aware of the responsibility for a sustainable enterprise; VRG’s efforts demonstrate an excellent example in promoting rubber sustainability.
VRG is the leading enterprise in implementing the Viet Nam Forest Certification Scheme (VFCS) and PEFC certificates in the rubber sector. In 2021, about 55,000 ha rubber plantations and 22 natural rubber processing factories were certified under the VFCS/PEFC standards; another 57,000 ha and 14 natural rubber processing factories will be certified by the end of 2021 and 300,000 ha certified by 2022.
In economic terms, VRG rubber plantations have an average yield of 1.56 ton/ha/year, which is much higher than the global average yield, through the focusing on R&D and innovative solutions, especially: new high yielding rubber clones; advanced techniques in harvesting and soil protection; intercropping and Integrated Disease Management.
VRG pays attention to environmental values by applying the best practices to reduce significant carbon emissions: increasing the use of organic fertilizers; installing solar power systems for rubber factories; developing new processing process to reduce 40% of electric usage and DO oil; using biological waste treatment; and reusing 1.5 million m3/year (25% of total water usage) of treated wastewater.
VRG demonstrates the social responsibilities and has meaningful contributions to society by improving the living conditions of VRG workers and surrounding communities (infrastructure and health care facility improvement; job and income creation).
VRG strongly considers sustainable development as the green pathway of the future and business growth; VRG looks forward to sharing the best practices and the importance of industry sustainability leadership. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Agriculture, Deforestation and forest degradation ID: 3486754
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