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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureStandard operating procedure for saturated soil paste extract 2021
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Salt-affected soils severely limit crop growth, reduce yield, and cause plant stress and soil structure degradation. Therefore, soil salinity/alkalinity interpretation is essential to develop and apply sustainable agricultural practice and suitable irrigation techniques in semiarid and arid environments. Salinity is a soil condition characterized by a high concentration of soluble salts, generally defined as one in which the electrical conductivity (EC) of saturate soil paste extract (ECe) in the root zone exceeds 4 dS m-1 at 25 oC (Richards, 1954). Sodic soils are those with a percentage of exchangeable sodium (ESP) greater than 15. Because of the considerable experimental errors involved in ESP determination, emphasis has been placed on using the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the equilibrium soil solution instead of the ESP for classification purposes. The electrical conductivity of saturation soil extracts may vary, but usually remains below 4 dS m-1 at 25 °C. The pH of saturated soil paste in sodic soils is 8.2 or higher, and in extreme cases may exceed 10.5. However, many crops exhibit a yield reduction at a lower ECe because soil salinity/alkalinity affects a number of morphological, physiological and biochemical processes and water and nutrient or toxic elements uptake (FAO, 2018; Filipovic et al, 2018). The main aim of this SOP is to prepare a saturated soil paste to measure electrical conductivity (ECe) and soluble salts of a soil from a saturated paste extract. -
BookletCorporate general interestStandard operating procedure for boron determination in soil: Hot water extraction 2024
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No results found.The hot water-soluble B procedure is the most commonly used method for predicting the concentration of B that will be available to plants in a soil solution. Hot water-soluble B is commonlyused because the water-soluble B extracted by the hot water method correlates positively to plant growth response, as it measures B from the adsorbed, organic, and soluble pools of the soil at boiling temperatures. The aim of this SOP is to guide users on the determination of hot water-soluble B in soils through the application of three routine procedures, using azomethine-H, AAS, ICP-AES, and the Berger and Truog extraction method. -
Book (stand-alone)GuidelineThematic 1: Farmers’ guidelines on soil and water management in salt-affected areas 2023
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No results found.The threats posed by salt-affected soils to global food security are dire. According to the recent Global salt-affected soils map, over 424 million hectares of topsoil (0–30 cm) and 833 million hectares of subsoil (30–100 cm) are currently salt-affected. This practical guide to soil and water management in salt-affected areas provides vital information to farmers dealing with salinity and sodicity issues on their farms and assists them in following suggested practices to mitigate or/and to adapt to these unfavourable conditions without compromising further losses in yields.
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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureStandard operating procedure for cation exchange capacity and exchangeable bases by 1N ammonium acetate, pH 7.0 method 2022
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No results found.This procedure outlines the process for the determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable bases (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) in soil using 1N ammonium acetate at pH 7. The method gives an estimation of plant-available exchangeable bases. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureStandard operating procedure for soil respiration rate 2023
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No results found.This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) reports how to determine soil respiration rate, which is one of the longest established and most frequently used parameter for quantifying microbial activity in soils. It is defined as oxygen (O2) uptake or carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution by soil microorganisms and includes the gas exchange of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. -
BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.