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Action plan for mainstreaming biodiversity across agricultural sectors in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2022–2023












FAO. 2022. Action plan for mainstreaming biodiversity across agricultural sectors in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2022–2023. Budapest.




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    Booklet
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    FAO regional dialogue on biodiversity mainstreaming across agricultural sectors in Europe and Central Asia
    16–17 November 2021
    2023
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    The FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia (REU) is providing support to member countries to strengthen their capacities for mainstreaming conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity across agriculture sectors. In line with its mandate to coordinate a collective effort to address challenges related to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, on 16–17 November 2021 REU organized the first Regional Dialogue on Biodiversity Mainstreaming across Agricultural Sectors in Europe and Central Asia. The objective of the Dialogue was to discuss challenges, exchange views and opportunities in addressing ways to mainstream biodiversity across agricultural sectors in Europe and Central Asia, promoting inclusive sustainable and resilient agri-food systems for improved food security and nutrition. The Regional Dialogue addressed the potential for collaborative actions among the different sectors and across countries, and the role of the FAO REU guidance. Moreover, it engaged stakeholders in consultations on the regional Action Plan for the Mainstreaming Biodiversity across Agricultural Sectors in Eastern European and Central Asian countries.
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    Technical report
    Report on monitoring schemes and data collection on biodiversity for food and agriculture in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2021
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    Biodiversity protection encompasses key aspects directly related to the sustainability of our food systems: BFA provides a diverse and heterogenous biological basis for diverse and resilient production systems, for the pollination of cultures, for increased diversity of food, and is strongly linked to local and indigenous knowledge on local crops and breeds acknowledged as cultural heritage. This study examines the existence of data collection, monitoring systems, and conservation initiatives as well as legislation and policies related to biodiversity for food and agriculture in the three following regions: (1) Central Asia, (2) the South Caucasus countries, Turkey, Belarus and Ukraine and (3) the Western Balkan countries and the Republic of Moldova. From this study, it appears that none of the three studied regions currently have any solid monitoring schemes for agricultural biodiversity, nor do they have a strong legal framework for protecting farmers’ rights to seeds that would allow them, amongst other things, to maintain biodiversity. Conservation actions, policies, and legislation generally concern wild biodiversity conservation (through habitat protection) and crop genetic resources conservation but rarely address biodiversity for food and agriculture or wild biodiversity loss caused by food systems. The three regional reports conducted in the framework of this study reported a general lack of capacities and a particularly low level of involvement of farmers and other food producers in monitoring, data collection, and conservation activities. The combination of these two major observations leads us to the conclusion that the governance of BFA should be transformed to put food producers at the centre of biodiversity monitoring and conservation, in dialogue with scientists and institutional actors. Their specific expertise must be acknowledged and valued in the efforts of preserving the biodiversity that they cultivate and sustain. Beyond this needed shift in the governance of monitoring activities, we highlight the necessity of a regional articulation of monitoring efforts and a specific focus on local threatened varieties and breeds (beyond habitat conservation), while very comprehensively considering BFA and wild biodiversity impacted by food systems. Regarding biodiversity protection, we recommend – in addition to farmer-centered data collection and monitoring system implementation – addressing the root causes of biodiversity loss, adopting a systematic approach in legislations, policies, and actions while supporting agroecology, and fulfilling international instruments that guarantee the rights of producers to grow and raise local varieties and breeds.
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    The SWSR is a reference document on the status of global soil resources that provides regional assessments of soil change. The information is based on peer-reviewed scientific literature, complemented with expert knowledge and project outputs. It provides a description and a ranking of ten major soil threats that endanger ecosystem functions, goods and services globally and in each region separately. Additionally, it describes direct and indirect pressures on soils and ways and means to combat s oil degradation. The report contains a Synthesis report for policy makers that summarizes its findings, conclusions and recommendations.

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    Manual on the development and use of FAO and WHO specifications for chemical pesticides 2022
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    In 2001, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) agreed to develop specifications for pesticides jointly, thus providing unique, robust and universally applicable standards for pesticide quality. This joint programme is based on a memorandum of understanding between the two organizations. This 2021 second edition of the manual on development and use of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides, which is only available online, supersedes the March 2020 third revision of the first edition and previous manuals and guidance documents published by either FAO or WHO on this subject. This manual provides the standard process, unified requirements and procedures, harmonized definitions and nomenclature, technical guidelines and standards applicable to pesticides for use in agriculture and public health. FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides based on this manual are developed through the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications (JMPS) and published on the web sites of the two organizations.
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    State of knowledge of soil biodiversity - Status, challenges and potentialities
    Report 2020
    2020
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    There is increasing attention to the importance of biodiversity for food security and nutrition, especially above-ground biodiversity such as plants and animals. However, less attention is being paid to the biodiversity beneath our feet, soil biodiversity, which drives many processes that produce food or purify soil and water. This report is the result of an inclusive process involving more than 300 scientists from around the world under the auspices of the FAO’s Global Soil Partnership and its Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative, and the European Commission. It presents concisely the state of knowledge on soil biodiversity, the threats to it, and the solutions that soil biodiversity can provide to problems in different fields. It also represents a valuable contribution to raising awareness of the importance of soil biodiversity and highlighting its role in finding solutions to today's global threats.