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Trade and nutrition: Policy coherence for healthy diets











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    Introduction to trade, food security and nutrition 2023
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    This course is designed primarily for representatives from governments and other entities responsible for the formulation and implementation of agricultural and trade policies and programmes. It provides an overview of the concepts of trade, food security and nutrition, and it discusses their linkages.
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    Trade policy supportive of food security and nutrition 2023
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    This course is designed primarily for entities responsible for the formulation and implementation of agricultural and trade policies and programmes. This course analyses trade policy design and implementation in the context of agricultural development and structural transformation.
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    Evolution of global agrifood trade and trade policy and implications for nutrition 2025
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    While international agrifood trade is critically relevant for the availability and supply of food across many countries, import tariffs are a policy instrument with relatively modest potential to steer consumers towards purchasing more nutritious food. Employing a number of newly developed datasets, this research project examines patterns and developments in the links between agrifood trade and nutrition and assesses how trade policy shapes food prices. The analysis is undertaken at a global level with a focus on the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region, a set of countries which is particularly dependent on agrifood imports. The results show that agrifood imports are a critical source of calories, macro-nutrients as well as vitamins and minerals for most countries in the world. On the supply side, a small number of countries account for the bulk of globally traded calories and nutrients. These findings show that calorie and nutrient availabilities are shaped significantly by global trade. With regard to how import tariffs affect the relative prices of foods with different nutritional characteristics, econometric estimations suggest that on average import tariffs have only a relatively modest effect on the relative prices of different foods. The concentration patterns of caloric and nutrient supply in a small number of supplying countries reinforce calls to diversify global food markets and trade. As for trade policy options, the modest effects of tariffs suggest that exploring other domestic and trade policy options would be necessary to significantly improve nutritional outcomes.

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    Monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) is an essential component of any programme or project that aims to continuously improve and provide better outcomes. The ultimate purpose of MEL is to track implementation and outputs systematically, measure their effectiveness and allow learning with the aim of improving the quality and effects of Farmer Field School (FFS) implementation while ensuring accountability to beneficiaries and donors. A sound MEL system further helps to track the progress of any project and offers evidence upon which mid-course correction in a programme can be made with a goal of achieving the project objectives and impact targets. This system is built on the premise that the data is of high quality including timeliness, representativeness and reliability; the entire data management process is critical to ensure proper and systematic data collection for decision-making and programme improvement. To ensure systematic high-quality data management processes for MEL systems, the adoption, adaptation and utilization of digital systems becomes critical. Digital systems have proven importance in enhancing real-time data collection, collation and tabulation, which further enables timely evidence-based decision-making and feedback mechanisms. This also contributes to timely learning and quality improvement of the project, as well as accelerated feedback mechanisms to the beneficiaries and various stakeholders, ultimately ensuring improved results.
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    Repurposing agriculture's public budget to align healthy diets affordability and agricultural transformation objectives in Ethiopia
    Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022
    2022
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    Agricultural transformation has been ongoing for decades in Ethiopia where the agenda to improve nutrition has also gained momentum. This paper assesses ways in which the government could coherently pursue the objectives of reducing the cost of the least cost healthy diet for Ethiopians and achieving faster inclusive agricultural transformation (IAT), for example by increasing agrifood output, creating rural off-farm employment and reducing rural poverty. The main finding is that pursuing IAT objectives also allows reducing the cost of the least-cost healthy diet. Ethiopian policymakers may consider repurposing the budget for agriculture to pursue IAT objectives as suggested in this paper in order to increase value for public money, not only in terms of agrifood output growth, job creation and poverty reduction, but also in terms of increasing the affordability of healthy diets.