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Fish passes. Design, dimensions and monitoring.











FAO/DVWK.Fish passes. Design, dimensions and monitoring.Rome, FAO. 2002. 110p.


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    Among Indian mahseers, Tor mahseer Tor tor (Hamilton, 1822) is the most important food and game fish of India after Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822). It constitutes an outstanding fishery in the Narmada River in central India. It has also settled in some Indian reservoirs which have been stocked with this fish. However, the building of dams across certain rivers has created reservoirs that have destroyed the natural breeding grounds of the fish and caused mortality of brood and juvenile fish indisc riminately. The mahseer fishery of India is further declining as a result of low recruitment of the fish. Stocking rivers and reservoirs with mahseer is therefore essential to restore the fishery. This synopsis is the compilation of biological data for Tor tor – Tor mahseer collected from different sources. The detailed biological information on Tor tor, including the feeding habits, breeding and growth patterns contained in this synopsis, will be useful in planning the development of the mahsee r fishery in India.
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    Inland Aquaculture Engineering 1984
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    River Fisheries 1985
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    Rivers drain all but the most arid areas of the earth through channels that are regu- lated by physical laws that impose on them certain forms. The ideal form is rarely encountered in practice and represents an end point to which geographic process tend. In general a river may be divided into two principal zones, the steep and fast flowing rhithron upstream and the sluggish and flat potamon downstream. While conditions in an individual system are highly variable along its length, similar reaches of different rivers differ much less even between continents and at different latitudes. All continents have a series of major river systems which consist not only of the river channels but also the swamps, lakes and seasonally flooded lands associated with them. Most rivers are highly conditioned by the patterns of precipitation in their basins. Differences in rainfall intensity throughout the year generate a flood wave that progresses downstream in the majority of rivers (flood rivers), al though singular geographic circumstances may distribute discharge more evenly throughout the year in some systems (reservoir rivers). The number of reservoir rivers is increasing through flow regulation and dam building. Although the basic nature of the river is determined by the rocks over which it flows, the flood regime seasonally modifies the physical and chemical conditions within the river particularly in the tropics. In higher latitudes other features of climate, such as insolation or air temperature exert an increasing influence.

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    Behind the new-look Non-Wood News is the usual wealth of information from the world of NWFPs. The Special Features section covers two different aspects of NWFPs: a specific product (bamboo) and a developing market (cosmetics and beauty care). Bamboo is versatile: it can be transformed, for example, into textiles, charcoal, vinegar, green plastic or paper and can also be used as a food source, a deodorant, an innovative building material and to fuel power stations. Reports indicate that natural c osmetics and beauty care are a huge global market, with forecasts indicating an annual growth of 9 percent through 2008. The Special Feature on Forest cosmetics: NWFP use in the beauty industry builds on this and includes information industry interest and marketing strategies (consumers are being drawn to natural products and thus their content is emphasized). As can be seen from the articles on shea butter in Africa and thanakha in Myanmar, many societies have always used and benefited from nat ural cosmetics. This issue includes other examples of traditional knowledge, such as the uses of the secretions of a poisonous tree frog in Brazil and the use by the traditional healers in India of allelopathic knowledge.
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