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SWM Community Conservancy Project, KAZA sites (Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe)









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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Cowbells
    SWM Community Conservancy Project, KAZA sites (Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
    2025
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    This factseet explains the use and purpose of cowbells as a Human Wildlife Conflict mitigation measure.Standard noisy metal cow- or goatbells (often used by communities to locate livestock from a distance) suspended on a string or wire.These bells can also be combined with reflective bottles to enhance their effectiveness as a deterrent.
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    Chilli string
    SWM Community Conservancy Project, KAZA sites (Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
    2025
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    This factsheet explains the use and purpose of a chilli string as a human-wildlife conflict mitigation measure. It is a simple string or rope soaked in chilli oil, stretched across paths commonly used by elephants to deter them through irritation of their sensitive trunks.
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    Chilli bricks
    SWM Community Conservancy Project, KAZA sites (Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
    2025
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    Chilli bricks are combustible blocks composed of dried chilli peppers, elephant or buffalo dung, and water. When ignited, they emit a pungent smoke that repels elephants, thereby protecting crops and property from potential damage.

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