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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookWater accounting in the Jordan River Basin
WaPOR water accounting reports
2020Also available in:
No results found.The Jordan River Basin is the most important water resource shared between the Middle East countries: Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. Its surface water and groundwater have been highly exploited and fought over throughout history. The diverse climate over its area results in spatially variable precipitation and evapotranspiration, thus, variability of water generation and consumption. To be able to manage the water resources in a sustainable manner, it is important to understand the current state of the water resources. However with limited up-to-date ground observations, in terms of duration, completeness and quality of the hydro-meteorological records it is difficult to draw an appropriate picture of the water resources conditions. The Water Accounting Plus (WA+) system designed by IHE Delft with its partners FAO and IWMI has been applied to gain full insights into the state of the water resources in the basin. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical studySyrian Arab Republic: Post-earthquake impact assessment on agricultural livelihoods and food security in the northwest
DIEM-Impact report, September 2024
2024Also available in:
No results found.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) conducted a comprehensive post-earthquake impact assessment in the northwest of the Syrian Arab Republic targeting rural households in 17 subdistricts situated in Aleppo and Idleb governorates. Data were collected between 30 August and 16 September 2023 with a total of 3 325 households surveyed. An additional 60 surveys were conducted strategically to enhance geographical representation by targeting areas that were underrepresented in the initial survey sample, aiming to capture a broader range of perspectives and improve the accuracy and reliability of the data.FAO established Data in Emergencies Impact (DIEM-Impact) to provide a granular and rapid understanding of the impact of large-scale hazards on agriculture and agricultural livelihoods using a variety of assessment methodologies, including primary and secondary information, remote sensing technologies, and FAO’s damage and loss methodology. DIEM-Impact presents a regularly updated and accessible state of food insecurity in fragile environments and helps underpin FAO's programming based on evidence. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookSyrian Arab Republic – Post-earthquake rapid needs assessment on agricultural livelihoods and production in the northwest
Data in Emergencies Impact report, April 2023
2023Also available in:
No results found.On 6 February 2023, two devastating earthquakes struck southern Türkiye also affecting the northwestern governorates of the Syrian Arab Republic, causing extensive damage to agricultural livelihoods and production. This Data in Emergencies Impact (DIEM-Impact) report presents the results of the assessment carried out in March 2023 conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Data collection lasted for seven days and took place from 9 to 15 March. A total of 190 interviews were conducted in 135 communities. FAO created the DIEM-Impact system to provide a rapid, granular analysis of the consequences of large-scale hazards on agricultural value chains and livelihoods. This analysis is based on a variety of assessment methodologies, including primary and secondary information collection, remote sensing technologies, and FAO's damage and loss methodology. DIEM-Impact can be activated in the context of sudden-onset and slow-onset hazards, natural or human-induced, including floods, cyclones and tropical storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, drought, invasive pests such as fall armyworm, pandemics and economic crises.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022
Towards Blue Transformation
2022The 2022 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture coincides with the launch of the Decade of Action to deliver the Global Goals, the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. It presents how these and other equally important United Nations events, such as the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA 2022), are being integrated and supported through Blue Transformation, a priority area of FAO’s new Strategic Framework 2022–2031 designed to accelerate achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in food and agriculture. The concept of Blue Transformation emerged from the Thirty-fourth Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in February 2021, and in particular the Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, which was negotiated and endorsed by all FAO Members. The Declaration calls for support for “an evolving and positive vision for fisheries and aquaculture in the twenty first century, where the sector is fully recognized for its contribution to fighting poverty, hunger and malnutrition.” In this context, Part 1 of this edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture reviews the world status of fisheries and aquaculture, while Parts 2 and 3 are devoted to Blue Transformation and its pillars on intensifying and expanding aquaculture, improving fisheries management and innovating fisheries and aquaculture value chains. Blue Transformation emphasizes the need for forward-looking and bold actions to be launched or accelerated in coming years to achieve the objectives of the Declaration and in support of the 2030 Agenda. Part 4 covers current and high-impact emerging issues – COVID-19, climate change and gender equality – that require thorough consideration for transformative steps and preparedness to secure sustainable, efficient and equitable fisheries and aquaculture. -
Book (stand-alone)High-profileRepercusiones de los desastres en la agricultura y la seguridad alimentaria 2023
Evitar y reducir las pérdidas mediante la inversión en la resiliencia
2024Las catástrofes están causando unos niveles sin precedentes de destrucción en todo el mundo. Estas crisis y perturbaciones afectan al funcionamiento y a la sostenibilidad de la producción agrícola y amenazan los medios de vida de millones de personas que dependen de los sistemas agroalimentarios. Para reducir las repercusiones de las catástrofes en la agricultura, es necesario comprender mejor el alcance de sus efectos negativos en la agricultura e investigar los riesgos subyacentes que hacen que la agricultura sea vulnerable a los efectos de las catástrofes.En este informe se presenta una evaluación de las pérdidas causadas por los desastres en la producción agrícola durante los últimos tres decenios y se analizan las diversas amenazas y peligros que afectan a a los cultivos y la ganadería, y a los subsectores de la actividad forestal, la pesca y la acuicultura. Estas repercusiones se ven agravadas por factores y vulnerabilidades subyacentes creados por las condiciones sociales y ambientales, como el cambio climático, las pandemias y epidemias mundiales y las situaciones de conflicto, que pueden generar resultados desastrosos y producir efectos concatenados en los sistemas agroalimentarios. Para hacer frente a estos desafíos, es preciso adoptar nuevos enfoques de reducción del riesgo y mecanismos de respuesta. En esta publicación se ofrecen ejemplos de medidas y estrategias para invertir en la resiliencia y abordar de manera proactiva los riesgos en la agricultura. Asimismo, se muestran formas de incorporar la reducción de riesgos de catástrofes en las prácticas y políticas agrícolas, y se propugna un mejor entendimiento del contexto en el que se aplican estas soluciones. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical reportDesalination for agricultural development: Addressing opportunities and challenges in the context of climate change and the global agricultural commodity market
Expert consultation workshop report
2025Also available in:
No results found.The integration of desalination into agricultural practices presents a transformative opportunity to address water scarcity in a rapidly changing climate. This guidance document has highlighted the technological advances, agronomic opportunities, economic challenges, environmental impacts and social considerations associated with doing so.Technologically, desalination has evolved significantly, offering viable solutions for both seawater and brackish water, with reverse osmosis leading the way. However, the high costs and energy requirements of desalination remain significant challenges, particularly for widespread agricultural use. Innovations in energy efficiency, brine management, and the potential for resource recovery from brine are promising developments that could lower costs and environmental impacts in the future.Agronomically, desalinated water can support high-value crops, and it has the potential to support food security in regions facing severe water scarcity. However, the unique chemical composition of desalinated water, including low nutrient content and the potential for phytotoxicity, necessitates careful management to avoid adverse effects on soil health and crop productivity. Blending desalinated water with water from other sources and adjusting fertilization practices can mitigate some of these concerns.Economically, the viability of desalination for agriculture depends on the value of the crops being irrigated, the proximity of desalination plants to agricultural lands, and the availability of financing mechanisms. The high cost of desalinated water requires targeted subsidies, public–private partnerships, and innovative financing models to make it accessible and sustainable for farmers, particularly in developing regions. Further research is needed to analyse the costs and benefits of desalination for “strategic” crops in water-scarce areas – such as cereals and animal fodder – which are intended to contribute to food security.Environmental sustainability is a critical consideration, with desalination’s energy intensity and brine disposal posing significant risks. The shift towards renewable energy sources and the development of brine valorization strategies are essential steps towards reducing the environmental footprint of desalination. Moreover, the potential for desalination to contribute to aquifer recharge and prevent overextraction of freshwater resources offers additional environmental benefits.