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Report of the GCOS/GTOS/HWRP Expert Meeting on the Implementation of a Global Terrestrial Network - Hydrology (GTN-H)










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    Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated.
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    Severe monsoon weather conditions since mid-June 2022 have disrupted the lives and livelihoods of 33 million people in Pakistan, mainly located in rural areas. Rainfalls were significantly higher than the national 30-year average, leading to devastating floods and landslides that wiped out agricultural lands, livestock assets, forests and critical agricultural infrastructure. The climate-induced disaster struck rural communities amid growing economic and food security challenges, compounding their vulnerabilities and exhausting their resilience. Rural communities, who represent 80 percent of the poorest people in Pakistan and depend on agriculture and livestock keeping for their livelihoods, were among the hardest hit by the disaster, especially in Balochistan, Sindh and Punjab provinces. The document provides an overview of the impact of the disaster on agricultural livelihoods and food security as well as FAO's planned response and funding requirements.