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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe effects of global value chain (GVC) participation on the economic growth of the agricultural and food sectors
Background paper for The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets (SOCO) 2020
2020Also available in:
No results found.Trade liberalization has long been advocated as a means to foster growth and welfare. In developing countries, the expansion of global value chain (GVC) participation of agriculture and food sectors could support transformation from a subsistence-oriented and farm-centered system to a commercialized, productive and off-farm centered one. While empirical evidence examining the linkages between GVC participation and economic performance in the agricultural sector has traditionally relied on case studies at the product level, the availability of new aggregate data on trade in value added, now provides an unprecedented opportunity to carry out a global empirical assessment of the linkages. The present paper examines new measures of GVCs participation and positioning from the EORA panel data for the period 1995–2015 (Nenci, 2020) and tests their effects on changes in agriculture value added per worker. The results show that changes in GVC participation are, on average and ceteris paribus, positively associated with changes in agriculture value added per worker, net to time-invariant confounders, whereas mixed results are found on the effects of countries’ positioning along the value chain. In the conclusive remarks, the authors argue that import tariff and non-tariff barriers – including barriers to service trade – should be seen as the first obstacle to increase GVC participation and improve domestic value-added. The presence of signs of heterogeneity by geographical location confirms that general universal recipes do not exist. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureThe contribution of public investment in the agricultural sector to economic growth and rural poverty reduction
A high-level dialogue in Nicaragua based on a prospective analysis
2020Also available in:
In 2018, the government of Nicaragua requested technical assistance from FAO to carry out a prospective analysis of the Nicaraguan economy and the evolution of rural poverty, in the context of the restrictive economic conditions experienced in the country that year. Thus, the FAO Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA) in Rome, together with the FAO Country Office in Nicaragua (FAONI) and in close coordination and support with the country’s Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (MHCP), the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN) and the Ministry of Agriculture (MAG), developed the study “Analysis of alternative ways of public investment and its impact on economic growth, agriculture and poverty reduction in Nicaragua.” This analysis generated quantitative evidence on the impact of agriculture on economic growth and poverty reduction. The results are clear: in all simulated scenarios, it was verified that an increase – by a value of 0.5 or 1 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – of public investment in the agricultural sector generates economic growth, which is reflected, among other things, in GDP growth that varies between 0.8 and 3.5 percent annually through 2030 depending on the scenario. Moreover, it is observed that the difference in the total poverty rate in rural areas with respect to the base scenario would range between 0.5 and 2.25 percentage points in the same period, depending on the agricultural investment scenario. With regard to extreme poverty, the difference is projected to be between 0.16 and 0.31 points. The ongoing high-level dialogue and collaboration between FAO and Nicaragua’s economic and fiscal policy-making authorities is an excellent example, which should be replicated elsewhere, of how FAO can influence a country’s public policies. -
ProjectFactsheetStrengthen Capacity to Sustainably Improve Livelihoods in the Green Growth Economic Corridor through Development of Strategic Mechanisms to Bolster Partnerships and Resource Mobilization under Hand-In-Hand Initiative (HIHI) - TCP/LAO/3805 2025
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No results found.Despite significant economic growth over the past two decades, poverty and malnutrition remain high in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. A Food Systems Assessment carried out in 2021 indicated that the country was faced by a triple burden of undernutrition, emergent overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. In 2017, despite a significant decrease in the stunting rate for children under five (CU5) years, the rate remained high, at 33 percent. Underweight and wasting remained serious concerns, with 70 percent of children below 12 months suffering from anaemia (Lao Social Indicator Survey [LSIS], 2017), while overweight affected 3.5 percent of CU5 (LSIS, 2017). Maternal malnutrition continued to be a problem, with about 40 percent of women of reproductive age (WRA) being anaemic. Overweight and obesity were also increasing among WRA, reaching 12.8 percent and 3.5 percent, respectively (National Information Platform for Nutrition, 2020). Overall, the burden of malnutrition in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic is a clear threat to achieving the SDGs and the NSEDP 2021–2025 targets. The situation with regard to poverty, malnutrition and inequality has suffered further deterioration as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the exacerbations of climate change.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookTackling Climate Change through Livestock
A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities
2013As renewed international efforts are needed to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the livestock sector can contribute its part. An important emitter of greenhouse gas, it also has the potential to significantly reduce its emissions. This report provides a unique global assessment of the magnitude, the sources and pathways of emissions from different livestock production systems and supply chains. Relying on life cycle assessment, statistical analysis and scenario building, it also prov ides estimates of the sector’s mitigation potential and identifies concrete options to reduce emissions. The report is a useful resource for stakeholders from livestock producers to policy-makers, researchers and civil society representatives, which also intends to inform the public debate on the role of livestock supply chains in climate change and possible solutions. -
Book (stand-alone)Corporate general interestUltra-processed foods, diet quality and human health 2019
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No results found.The significance of industrial processing for the nature of food and the state of human health - and in particular the techniques and ingredients developed by modern food science and technology - is generally underestimated. This is evident in both national and international policies and strategies designed to improve populations' nutrition and health. Until recently it has also been neglected in epidemiological and experimental studies concerning diet, nutrition and health. This report seeks to assess the impact of ultra-processed food on diet quality and health, based on NOVA, a food classification system developed by researchers at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.