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BookletTechnical briefGovernment expenditures in agriculture 2001–2023
Global and regional trends
2025Also available in:
No results found.Since 2012, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has collected government expenditure on agriculture (GEA) data through a questionnaire sent annually in May to more than 190 countries. Government expenditures reflect countries’ priorities in terms of programmes and sectors and can be used as a direct response to cushion the impacts of economic and social challenges such as a global pandemic, natural disasters or increasing inflation. This brief analyses the latest data available in FAOSTAT, for the period 2001–2023. -
BookletCorporate general interestGovernment expenditures in agriculture 2001–2022
Global and regional trends
2023Also available in:
No results found.Since 2012, FAO has collected government expenditure on agriculture (GEA) data through a questionnaire sent annually in May to more than 190 countries. Government expenditures reflect countries’ priorities in terms of programmes and sectors and can be used as a direct response to cushion the impacts of economic and social challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters or increasing inflation. This brief analyses the latest data, available for the period 2001–2022. In 2022, global government expenditures reached USD 36 trillion and represented 36.7 percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP). Between 2001 and 2022, total government expenditures showed an increasing trend in nominal terms, from the current USD 12 trillion in 2001 to 37 trillion in 2021, and declined to USD 36 trillion in 2022. Throughout the period, government expenditures represented between 35 and 42 percent of the global GDP. -
BookletCorporate general interestGovernment expenditures in agriculture 2001–2020
Global and regional trends
2022Also available in:
No results found.Since 2012 FAO collects Government Expenditure on Agriculture (GEA) data through a questionnaire sent annually in May to more than 190 countries. The questionnaire was jointly developed with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), using the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG). The last update refers to the period 2001-2020. The total government expenditures recorded an all-time high in 2020 driven by the COVID-19 pandemic response. While governments employed a mixture of policy and fiscal measures to cushion the impacts of the pandemic (IMF, 2021), with considerable variations in the agriculture sector, the overall share of agriculture spending continued to fall in most countries.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
DocumentOther documentFood security and nutrition: building a global narrative towards 2030
HLPE Report No. 15
2020This 15th report from the CFS HLPE published 25 June 2020 calls upon governments and other actors to undertake urgent measures to radically transform food systems, to realize the right to food and ensure food security and nutrition for all - especially in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical reportCFS 2019/46/Inf.17 - Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition
jul/19
2019Also available in:
Food systems and agriculture are at a crossroads and a profound transformation is needed at all scales, not only to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2) to “end hunger and all forms of malnutrition” by 2030 but also to address Agenda 2030 in its entirety, including human and environmental health, climate change, equity and social stability. Current trends, such as the new increase, since 2014, in the number of undernourished people and the alarming rate of all forms of malnutrition in all countries, and related tensions will be exacerbated if we fail to design and implement, in a very near future, food systems that ensure food security and nutrition while addressing all sustainability challenges. Agroecological and other innovative approaches in agriculture are increasingly praised for their potential contribution to reach these crucial goals. This report adopts a dynamic perspective, centred on the key concepts of transition and transformation. Ultimately, this rich and comprehensive report aims to fuel an exciting policy convergence process and help remove the lock-ins by developing a common understanding of these matters, so that concrete transition pathways can be implemented at all relevant scales, from farm, community and landscape to national, regional and global levels.