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Policy briefHow natural resource management sectors can contribute to reducing emerging infectious diseases: the example of forest ecosystems
Policy brief
2022Also available in:
No results found.This policy brief is a result of a collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and EcoHealth Alliance. The aim of the brief is to suggest ways, using the example of forest ecosystems, in which natural resource management sector can play a more active role in reducing risk and/or mitigating the impact of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). This would reflect and facilitate a more holistic and upstream One Health approach as defined by the One Health High-Level Expert Panel, an advisory and scientific body to the Quadripartite Alliance for One Health (FAO-WOAH-WHO-UNEP). Based on guidance from FAO’s Governing Bodies, inter alia, the Committee on Forests, the Committee on Agriculture and its Subcommittee on Livestock, and FAO’s Regional Forestry Commissions, the recommendations from this brief are directed at national government authorities in charge of natural resource management, in addition to other relevant stakeholders involved in environmental management and land use planning. The recommendations are structured around eight illustrative entry points whereby the natural resource management sector can increase participation in efforts to reduce EID risk, thus applying a more holistic One Health approach. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetGlobal emergence of infectious diseases: links with wild meat consumption, ecosystem disruption, habitat degradation and biodiversity loss 2020
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No results found.This policy brief focuses on the topic of global emergence of infectious diseases and its links with consumption of wild meat, ecosystem disruption, habitat degradation and biodiversity loss. Emerging infectious diseases are a significant and growing threat to global health, economies and security. There is evidence that landscape changes and biodiversity loss are key drivers of the (re-) emergence of infectious diseases. More systematic research is needed to better understand the role of ecosystems in the regulation of diseases. Effective implementation of the One Health approach, promoting coordinated multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary responses, has the potential to reduce disease transmission risks and improve health and well-being of all people, wildlife and livestock. The brief also highlights wild species that continue to be an important source of food, income and cultural identity for millions of indigenous and rural people, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In many parts of the world, wild meat represents a luxury item. This demand creates markets that are driving hunting of wildlife to unsustainable levels and increases risks of spill-over of wildlife-related pathogens. Reducing demand for wild meat as a luxury good for urban populations – whether in wild meat sourcing or wild meat consuming countries is urgently needed. Finally, the brief proposes a of series of actions that will help to tackle the complex and interrelated issues associated with wildlife habitat disruption, biodiversity loss and the spread of zoonotic diseases. -
Book (series)A survey of national emergency preparedness and response (EPR) systems. FAO Project TCP/INT/3501: Strengthening biosecurity governance and capacities for dealing with the serious shrimp infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) disease 2018
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No results found.As part of the FAO project Strengthening biosecurity governance and capacities for dealing with the serious shrimp infectious myonecrosis Strengthening biosecurity governance and capacities for dealing with the serious shrimp infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) disease, the FAO undertook a self-assessment questionnaire-based survey of the aquatic animal diseases emergency preparedness and response (EPR) systems of six participating countries, Brazil, Ecuador and Mexico (representing South/Central America) and China, Indonesia and Thailand (representing Asia), with a view to developing recommendations for improved performance. Current system strengths and weaknesses were identified by comparing each country’s EPR system elements against those elements needed for a comprehensive (ideal world) EPR system based on FAO and OIE publications (and the model used in Australia). The questionnaire covered three broad systems components: administration (e.g. resource allocation and legislation), operational components (including early warning, early detection and early response systems) and operational support systems (such as information management and communications systems). The questionnaire was structured into four sections: (1) general administration, (2) operational components, (3) support systems and (4) additional information. Section 1 (General Administration) contained questions aimed at generating information on the administrative structure and the scope of responsibilities of the Competent Authority on various elements (e.g. communication, risk analysis, contingency plan, personnel skills, etc.) that are essential when dealing with an aquatic emergency response. Section 2 (Aquatic EPR System Elements) contained questions on the priority system elements identified by the OIE; namely, early warning, early response and early detection systems. Section 3 (Support Systems) contained questions about broader supporting systems in relation to legislation, information management, communications and resourcing. Section 4 (Additional information) presented an opportunity for countries to provide any information or raise issues not adequately addressed in the questionnaire. The self-assessment survey provided insight into each country’s capabilities in terms of policies, procedures and institutional capabilities in place to detect the incursion of an emergency aquatic animal disease and to respond to that incursion by containing or eradicating the disease. Six key areas of need where EPR systems were not well developed included the following: stakeholder consultation, systems audit/review, simulation exercises, education/awareness building, documentation and dedicated resourcing. Analysis of the survey responses form the basis of 20 recommendations aimed at improving the administration and operation of national EPR systems with respect to early warning, early detection and early response to emergency aquatic animal disease incursions.
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