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A review of the biology and culture of Tilapia guineensis

Establishment of African Regional Aquaculture Centre

Year of publication 1987

Pages p.20

Author David Campbell;Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division

Product type Project

Edition 1

Synopsis (short abstract) The paper reviews the identification, range, reproduction, fecundity, feeding habits, physiological parameters, fry rearing techniques, and the culture in ponds, enclosures, tanks, and cages of Tilapia guineensis. The fish is euryhaline, found in estuaries and lagoons of West Africa. It is a nest building substrate spawner. 2.7 mm eggs hatch in 2 days (26 C) forming 5–6 mm larvae. Number produced is 200–3000. First external food is not known. Juveniles and adults feed on benthic materials and le aves and will readily accept artificial feed. Temperature range is 14–33C. Oxygen consumption decreases from 625 to 100 mg/kg/hr with increasing weight, lower lethal oxygen level is 0.2 mg/l. Lower pH limit is 3.4. Fry are produced in ponds, tanks, and cages. Pond culture yields 1.5 to 3.3 t/ha/yr using fertilizers and feeding. In enclosure farming, growth was 0.38 g/day; growth stopped for 2 months lowering values. In tanks and cages, best growth was 0.6 g/day. Recommendations to improve growth rates include genetic selection and nutritional studies.

Language English

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    The Islamic Republic of Iran has an established coldwater fish culture industry in both the private and public sectors, centred in the northern mountains close to the Caspian Sea and in other high areas of the country. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairderi) are grown to a market size of 250 g and above in conventional farms, predominantly using concrete raceways. Official 1987 production was 1 750 t from 20 licensed farms, but it is thought that unlicensed farms contribute about a further 1 000 t to the true total. The “Caspian salmon”, actually an anadromous trout (Salmo trutta), is grown in hatcheries to a size of 1–20 g before being released into the rivers and streams draining into the Caspian Sea. Demand for trout in Iran greatly exceeds domestic production. Consequently the Government is currently supporting a major programme to increase salmonid output, both by building state-owned hatcheries and on-growing units and by providing licences, land and juvenile fish to private farmers. Ex tension advice is also available through the Shilat (State fishery company). However, this rapid expansion of coldwater fish culture has resulted in a national shortage of trained people capable of managing trout farms or of providing an efficient extension service. In addition, there is a need for technical staff already actively working in the industry to update their knowledge. As no universities or colleges in Iran are presently equipped to offer specialized training in this field, the Gov ernment of the Islamic Republic of Iran requested FAO assistance in organizing and staffing a theoretical and practical training course in coldwater fish culture. Funding was agreed under FAO's Technical Cooperation Programme (project TCP/IRA/6755).
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