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DocumentOther documentSuitability of medium density particle board from Acacia catechu (Khair)
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Particleboard provides the opportunity to use the greatest possible volume of forest resources and industrial waste. The main aim of this work was to use Acacia catechu waste wood chips from which kattha and cutch were already extracted. Different combinations of heat, temperature, and resin were used to manufacture the particleboard. Particleboards were examined for their mechanical and physical properties. Two different pressures of 17.5 Kg cm-2 and 21 Kg cm-2 with a resin content of 10 percent and 12 percent were used for their processing. The density of the particleboards ranged from 0.69 to 0.76 g cm-3. Particleboard made from Acacia catechu at 21 kg cm-2 at 10 percent resin showed the highest physical and mechanical properties. The results showed that it is important to establish future research along these lines that waste material should be suitable for manufacturing high-quality particleboards with high strength and dimensional features. Further treatments may be necessary for improving the quality of a panel, particularly its dimensional stability. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Research, Sustainable forest management, Biodiversity conservation, Innovation ID: 3484636 -
DocumentOther documentExamining the applicability of UAV-based photogrammetry to assess sediment yield from small fire-affected forests
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest clearance after a fire is commonly implemented in fire-affected forests in South Korea, removing damaged vegetation and ash-litter layers. It undoubtedly affects hydrological processes, thereby leads to severe soil erosion to the downstream waterbodies such as stream, reservoir, dam. Therefore, accurate understanding of the magnitude of sediment yields is a prerequisite to implement the sediment control measures in the fire-affected region. Over the past decades, direct field measurement of sediment yields has been conducted over the world, particularly in South Korea. The traditional field survey has restricted to the application due to requiring a lot of labor and time and is only used to small and limited area. In this study, we tried to overcome the limitations of traditional approach by monitoring the sediment yield variations through images obtained from UAVs. For this purpose, direct field survey and UAV image-based photogrammetry were conducted on erosion control dams located in the downstream of mountain terrain. A comparison of sediment deposition in the dams were done to assess the applicability and reliability of UAV photogrammetry in forest sectors. The results show that UAV-derived photogrammetry technique can be considered as the alternative of field surveying when estimates the relief and terrain shape in a site where direct access and available resource are limited. This study may introduce a simple and accurate methodology for measuring soil loss and sediment yield on degraded mountain areas. Keywords: Monitoring and data collection ID: 3623072 -
DocumentOther documentSucrose, photosynthetic photon flux density, & CO2 concentration affect growth & development of micropropagated mountain ash
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Mountain ash (Sorbus commixta Hedl.), is an important medicinal woody plant in Korea used for the treatment of cough, asthma, and other bronchial disorders. Unfortunately, the species is gradually disappearing due to over exploitation of the natural habitats. Tissue culture is a common and powerful technique for the clonal mass propagation which can be adapted to Mountain ash for ecosystem restoration. In an effort to establish a micropropagation method at the stage II for proliferation of shoots, Mountain ash was micropropagated under the so called a photo-autotrophic or photo-mixotrophic culture conditions. Micro-shoots of Mountain ash at the micropropagation stage II were cultured under two levels each of medium sucrose concentration (0 and 30 g.L-1), photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, 50 and 200 µmol.m-2.s-1), and CO2 concentration (350 and 1,000 µmol.mol-1). Axillary shoots originated from in vitro-grown plantlets, were stuck into and cultured on 50 ml per container of agar-solidified half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 mg.L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Tissue water content, leaf length, and total chlorophyll content increased in plantlets cultured in the medium without sucrose (a photo-autotrophic condition). High PPFD promoted axillary shoot length, number of nodes, axillary shoot fresh weight, axillary shoot dry weight, leaf length, leaf width, and total chlorophyll content especially in the photo-autotrophic condition. High CO2 concentration increased axillary shoot length, number of axillary shoots, number of nodes, stem diameter, axillary shoot fresh weight, and axillary shoot dry weight. The treatment with a high PPFD, a high CO2 concentration, and without supplementation of sucrose to the medium (a photo-autotrophic condition) was better for growth and development in terms of number of nodes, tissue water content, leaf length, leaf width, and total chlorophyll content than those in the other treatments. Keywords: Research, Biodiversity conservation ID: 3622923
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.