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BookletCorporate general interestSue's apple orchard 2021
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In conventional agricultural production, the most commonly used method of fighting plant diseases and pests is pesticide applications. However, the widespread, intensive and improper use of pesticides that have toxic effects has caused the balance of the ecosystem to break down. Water and soil have become polluted, and the soil less fertile. Pesticides also have adverse effects on non-target organisms, beneficial organisms that they are very important in agricultural production and animals that consume pesticide treated products. Pesticides have also been scientifically proven to cause acute and chronic health problems for both manufacturers and consumers. According to FAO statistics, when comparing the amount of pesticides used in the 1990s to the amount used in the 2010s, there has been an increase of more than 50 percent. It is, however, possible to produce without the use of pesticides or by minimizing the use of them. Environmentally friendly agricultural production can be done with approaches such as IPM, organic agriculture and agro-ecological production. In this book Sue uses more and more pesticides to protect her apples from maggots. As more pesticides are used, the maggots create resistance and are better able to withstand the pesticide, and the orchard is disappearing. Pheromones can be used to stop maggots from multiplying. Thanks to pheromones, the apples are not damaged. This way of getting rid of maggots means that there is no damage to nature or human health. -
Book (stand-alone)GuidelineGuideline to promote integrated pest management through Farmer Field Schools in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia 2024
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No results found.Plant protection in Ethiopia formally begin in the 1940s with focus on promoting use of pesticides. To this date, the pest control measure with wider acceptance has been the use of second generation synthetic organic pesticides. The most used are the highly hazardous pesticides, which have the reputation of posing serious risk to health and the environment.In Ethiopia, the total area under crops production is well over 13milion hectares. On the other hand, the quantities of pesticides available every year have not been enough even to protect crops grown in 1million hectares. Despite this, there has been rampant misuse of pesticides affecting health and the environment. Moreover, the attainable yield remained low with substantial yield losses incurred every year due to pest damage. This indicates clearly that the increase in yield gain remained low. Thus, promoting IPM through FFS was thought to be the means for growing healthy crops with high yield, sustainably manage economic pests, reduce pesticide use and protect health and the environment.It was based on this that FAO promoted IPM through the FFS approach and achieved the following outputs: enhanced human and institutional capacity for promoting IPM in smallholder fields, established and capacitated IPM-FFS groups who successfully reduced economic damage by pests, generated scalable outputs, conducted experience-sharing events on the outputs and reached more smallholder farmers. Therefore, using the scaled-out outputs as empirical data this guideline to promote IPM through FFS in the smallholders’ farmers was developed to create wider awareness and further implementation. -
BookletCorporate general interestFAO–Global Environment Facility Türkiye Programme 2023
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No results found.The FAO–GEF Türkiye Programme, which receives funding from the Global Environmental Facility and the Government of Türkiye, offers essential assistance in various areas. These include the sustainable management of forests, land, and water resources, biodiversity conservation through agroecology practices, nature-based solutions, and climate-smart agriculture. The programme aims to boost food and nutrition security while also improving livelihoods. Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the FAO–GEF Türkiye Programme embraces inclusivity and sustainability, with a particular focus on empowering women and youth for rural development and resilience. It addresses the challenges of poverty, climate change, biodiversity loss, and desertification. Türkiye strongly supports the vision of FAO and the four betters: better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life, in order to transform sustainable food systems which are key elements to achieve the SDGs. This insightful provides detailed information about the collaborative efforts between FAO and Türkiye.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)Technical studyThe impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies
Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018
2020Also available in:
No results found.Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased. The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.