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ArticleLand use and land use changes by the farmers from mulberry (Morus alba) plantations to green forest tree based farming for income growth and sustainability in Malda district of India
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Malda district was famous for two economic activities viz. Mango (Mangifera indica) cultivation and rearing mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori). Earlier silkworm rearing was a flourishing cottage industry and every households of Kaliachak block reared silkworm for cocoon production. It was the major livelihood of rural farmers but they suffered heavily due to cheap import of silk from China. Thus, the backbone of farmers was crippled, hence they started cultivating various trees in mulberry fields along with agricultural crops for sustaining their livelihood. Present study was undertaken to know how farmers adjusted to new situation, their knowledge about trees, income growth and sustainability. It was observed that mulberry was raised as herb and leaves were fed to the silkworm larvae at home. Traditionally farmers planted Dalbergia sissoo trees on the border of mulberry fields but later on they started planting other trees. A few farmers uprooted their mulberry bushes and converted to Swietenia macrophylla plantation. Some farmers converted their entire land to Mango and Litchi chinensis orchards for long term gains. Besides, some traditional farmers, around 10% still continued with silkworm rearing for their livelihood security but planted few rows of trees like Tectona grandis, D.sissoo, Bombax ceiba, S.macrophylla and Acacia auriculiformis. Few big farmers converted their mulberry fields into ponds for fishery, however, planted Mango and Sissoo on border. The first crops inside the tree plantations were Maize, Papaya and Vegetables which gave farmers quick income. Later, Banana and Citrus were planted. These activities are still continuing, but timber harvesting has also started which will give high returns. These forest tree based land changes not only provided sustainable income growth to farmers, but also made them drought resilient leading to climate change mitigation and adaptation besides conserving plant biodiversity. Key words: Landscape management, Agriculture, Biodiversity conservation ID: 3475637 -
ArticleInfluence of snow cover change and temperature anomalies on the transformation of boreal forests and fires in north Asia
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.In the last three decades, the number and area of fires in the North Asian taiga, forest-tundra and tundra is increasing. Analysis of spatial data on fires against the information on local climate anomalies indicates significant correlation. The estimates are generally based on average seasonal temperatures and the duration of the vegetation period; however, while these parameters are useful for global bioclimatic regularities, they are not sufficient for local forest change influenced by small-scale climate effects. Comparison of satellite images at the beginning and the end of the snow period with patterns of fire activities shows that the frequency and scale of temperature and snow anomalies are also key factors. Field studies that aimed to verify the snow properties as identified through satellite imagery were carried out on more than 200 plots in the Urals and the Russian Far East. It was found out that tree crowns of dark-coniferous and mixed forests intercept up to a quarter of total snow reducing accumulation and decreasing snowmelt logging. This leads to the desiccation of the soil layer in spring and increases the risk of fires in forests, where this risk used to be low. Another important effect is the increased frequency of dry and hot autumns in taiga and forest-tundra, which dramatically aggravate the risk of litter ignition. Field observations and analysis of satellite images for 30 years give information on the spatial differentiation of the effects. The higher risk of fires associated with the redistribution of snow by tree crowns is typical of the south and central taiga. Soil desiccation in autumn is the important factor for fires in the north taiga and forest-tundra. These effects are additional to the seasonal temperature anomalies, which are the key risk factor. Taking account of these effects in context of the global warming provides better estimation of fires, including the risk of fires in unique forests on protected areas in North Asia. Keywords: Climate change, Adaptive and integrated management, Biodiversity conservation, Sustainable forest management, Research ID: 3485018 -
ProjectTransformational change for forest product value chains in the Lower Mekong Region
Project "Sustainable Forest Trade in the Lower Mekong Region" (UNJP/GLO/795/UNJ-Baby02)
2025Also available in:
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