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Status and Development Issues of the Brick Industry in Asia

Regional Wood Energy Development Programme In Asia - GCP/RAS/154/NET








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    Book (stand-alone)
    Some issues associated with the livestock industries of the Asia-Pacific region 2002
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    The livestock sectors of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region have experienced phenomenal growth in the last few decades. This has created opportunities for farmers to reap economic benefits, and has also opened the way for people living in the region to improve their nutritional status through the consumption of livestock products. At the same time, the expansion of the livestock industries has created new challenges for policy-makers because of the far-reaching and sometimes unexpected imp act that the industry is having on various parts of the economy. This report addresses a number of issues that have been associated with the expansion of the livestock industries and provides insights into the weaknesses of the livestock sector in the region to help policy-makers identify priority areas of research.
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    Status, technological innovations, and industry development needs of mud crab (Scylla spp.) aquaculture
    FAO Expert Workshop, 27–30 November 2023, Singapore
    2025
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    The FAO Expert Workshop on Mud Crab Aquaculture, held in Singapore, brought together leading experts to address critical challenges and emerging opportunities in the sustainable farming of Scylla spp. mud crabs. Driven by escalating demand for both hard-shell and soft-shell mud crabs, the sector faces constraints such as overfishing, habitat degradation, reliance on wild seedstock, and unsustainable farming practices. The workshop provided a collaborative platform to evaluate the current state of the industry, identify technological innovations, and set a course for advancing sustainability and resilience in mud crab aquaculture. Central to the discussions was the transition from capture-based to hatchery-based production systems to secure consistent and high-quality seedstock. Experts highlighted the importance of domestication and selective breeding to enhance aquaculture yields. The development of formulated feeds, reducing reliance on wild-sourced feed, and the integration of advanced technologies such as probiotics and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) were identified as critical pathways to address water quality, biosecurity, and production efficiency challenges. Innovative farming system approaches were presented, including sustainable polyculture systems and the adoption of cellular farming techniques to mitigate cannibalism and improve survival rates. The potential of the soft-shell crab sector for value addition through enhanced post-harvest practices, packaging, and processing was also discussed, though key bottlenecks such as limited seedstock availability, forced moulting practices, and inconsistent farming standards need to be adequately addressed. Broader ecological concerns, such as the overexploitation of wild populations and the degradation of mangrove habitats were highlighted. Experts advocated strengthened fishery management, habitat restoration, and policy interventions to mitigate these issues. Additionally, the role of advanced technologies such as IoT-enabled systems,digital training tools, and automation was underscored as transformative for achieving scalability and operational efficiency in mud crab farming. Aligned with FAO’s Blue Transformation initiative, the workshop outlined a comprehensive strategy to promote sustainable development in the mud crab aquaculture sector. Key recommendations included establishing broodstock banks, deploying cost-effective disease screening, enhancing international collaboration, and scaling capacity-building programmes to share knowledge and technologies across diverseaquaculture contexts. By fostering innovation, improving productivity, and addressing environmental challenges, the outcomes of the workshop aim to strengthen global food security, enhance aquaculture value chains, and sustain the livelihoods of communities dependent on mud crab production.
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