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粮食和农业水生遗传资源政府间技术工作组第五届会议报告













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    粮农组织和国家管辖区外海洋生物多样性(BBNJ)进程
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    粮农组织通过向成员国和有关国际组织提供援助项目和行动,积极参与国家管辖区外(ABNJ)的领域。本文件介绍了粮农组织与BBNJ进程相关工作的信息,包括正在进行的进程和行动以及经验教训,这些可能对BBNJ代表和其他人员提供有用的信息。这类信息也有益于说明粮农组织可以在哪些领域协助成员国执行未来的有法律约束力的国际文书(ILBI)。
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    粮食和农业水生遗传资源保护、可持续利用和开发全球行动计划 2022
    本《粮食和农业水生遗传资源保护、可持续利用和开发全球行动计划》(GPA)是粮农组织应粮食和农业遗传资源委员会成员的要求制定的,以应对粮食和农业水生遗传资源(AqGR)状况第一次全球评估中确定的需求和挑战。该协议是在与各区域广泛协商后制定的,经委员会认可后,由粮农组织成员在粮农组织理事会第168届会议上正式通过。《全球行动计划》是自愿的,不具约束力,旨在促进对AqGR的有效管理,确保其对粮食安全和可持续发展以及减轻贫困做出重大贡献,其目标是水产养殖的所有利益相关者,重点是资源管理者和政策制定者。《全球行动计划》有两部分,第一部分介绍并确定了AqGR对可持续水产养殖和未来粮食安全的背景和重要性,。第二部分确定战略优先事项,并建议在四个优先领域的行动:i) 特性、清单和监测;ii) 保护和可持续利用;iii) 发展水产养殖的AqGR;以及iv) 政策、机构、能力建设和合作。
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    What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.
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    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
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    In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.