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ArticleJournal articleGrowth and physiological acclimation to shade in young plants of Adesmia bijuga Phil., critically endangered species in central Chile
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Adesmia bijuga Phil. is an endemic and endangered shrub species of central Chile. Its potential shade intolerance is one of the leading hypotheses for its vigor loss when the species grows beneath closed canopies. In this study we aimed to assess growth and physiological acclimation to shade in young of A. bijuga plants. A nursery experiment was established with three light levels based on the interception of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (TRT0: control at full sun, TRT60: 60% shaded, and TRT90: 90% shaded), and maintained for 71 days during the summer season. Growth and leaf morpho-physiological responses were evaluated at the beginning, at the middle, and at the end of the experiment. The shading treatment increased plant height (H) and live crown percentage (Lcrown) compared to the control treatment at full sun. However, light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax), dark respiration rate (Rd), and light compensation point (Gi) were higher in TRT60 than in the other treatments.No differences were found among treatments for the apparent quantum yield (α). At this stage of plant development, our results suggest high acclimation plasticity of A. bijuga to light levels; however, a semi-shade environment (i.e., TRT60) favored a better performance of the species. Keywords: Shade tolerance, photosynthesis, light acclimation, forest restoration. ID: 3624055 -
ArticleJournal articleImpact of Leptoglossus occidentalis on Pinus pinea cone to pine nut yield in Chile
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Stone pine nuts are highly appreciated and increasingly in demand. However, pine nut yield expressed as percentage of nut weight over cone weight, has decreased (from 4% to 2% or even less) in the European producer countries, due to the attack of the insect Leptoglossus occidentalis, which produces an increase in the presence of empty (up to 50%) and damaged seeds. The species shows a good adaptation in Chile, with over 2,000 hectares of new plantations. L. occidentalis here was first detected in 2017, with increasing captures in the last years. The objective of this study was to assess fruit traits and pine nut yield before and after the arrival of the insect, and to quantify its damages (types I (endosperm/embryo damage), II (endosperm elimination) and III (empty seeds)). Seven plantations were monitored in 2018 and 2019 and compared to data from previous years (2010/15). Cone size, seed number per cone, seed and pine nut size (length and diameter) and weight were measured at each plantation and year and pine nut yield was determined. Results showed average pine nut yield of 4% without decreases along time. In a hotspot site for the insect, a significant decrease in cone weight, seed weight and pine nuts per cone was quantified. A significant increase in damages type I and II was found in all sites after 2017. Consequently, the need of monitoring the advance of the insect in the country and its effects on stone pine cropping is relevant. Biological or chemical control will be required for adequate orchard management. Keywords: kernel yield, cone health, stone pine, insect attack ID: 3483547 -
ArticleJournal articleSeed germination and phenotypic responses to water restriction of Beilschmiedia miersii provenances
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.We assessed the effect of seed provenance on seed germination traits, seedling growth, biomass allocation, presence of cotyledons, and survival responses of the endemic Beilschmiedia miersii cultivated under two water treatments (well‐ watered versus water stress, average pre‐dawn plant water potentials of ‐0.9 and ‐4.5 MPa). Provenances from the southern range of the species had a better germination performance whereas the coastal and interior provenances were not able to survive in large number to the seedling stage. The provenance El Arbol, exhibited a higher survival, growth, presence of cotyledons, and biomass traits. This provenance also exhibited a higher presence of cotyledons in both watering treatments and an unaltered root to shoot ratio between the well‐ watered and the water stress treatments. We found important phenotypic variation for seed germination and seedling survival associated to the provenance origin, emphasizing the importance of a nursery‐evaluation phase before the beginning of restoration projects at the landscape level. Keywords: provenance origin, water restriction, restricted range species, Mediterranean‐type ecosystems, recruitment, restoration ID: 3624060
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Book (series)Technical studyLatin America and the Caribbean - Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2023
Statistics and trends
2023Also available in:
The 2023 edition of the Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition in Latin America and the Caribbean presents an update of the data and trends in food security and nutrition in recent years. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the climate crisis and the conflict in Ukraine, as well as the economic slowdown, rising food inflation and income inequality have had an impact on regional figures. The most recent data shows that, between 2021 and 2022, progress was made in reducing hunger and food insecurity in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, the progress achieved is far from the targets established to meet SDG 2 of ending hunger. In addition, one in five people in the region cannot access a healthy diet and malnutrition in all its forms, including child stunting, micronutrient deficiencies and obesity continue to be a major challenge. -
Policy briefPolicy briefOutcomes and lessons learned from the Koronivia UNFCCC negotiations on agriculture and food security, and the way forward after COP 27
Brief note
2023Also available in:
No results found.The Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture (KJWA) was established at COP23 to address six topics in the agricultural sector's role in climate change. KJWA has contributed to sharing scientific and technical knowledge, but limitations remain in translating outcomes into concrete climate actions. The new four-year joint work on the implementation of climate action on agriculture and food security, which prioritizes ending hunger and considers national circumstances, includes the creation of an online portal for sharing information. The four-year agenda is shaped and broadened through the submission of views by parties, observers, and civil society and will be considered by SBSTA and SBI in June 2023. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureJoint Programme on Gender Transformative Approaches for Food Security and Nutrition
2022 in Review
2023Also available in:
No results found.The 'JP GTA - 2022 In Review' offers a snapshot of the milestones, achievements and activities of the Joint Programme over the course of the past year, with links to articles, publications and event recordings. The report is structured along the four pillars of the JP GTA, with sections focusing on knowledge generation, country-level activities, capacity development and learning, and policy support and institutional engagement. The page on 'knowledge generation' offers an overview of resources published or facilitated by the JP GTA in 2022. Under 'country-level activities' readers will find a summary of the key activities and achievements of the Joint Programme in Ecuador and Malawi. The section on 'capacity development and learning' delves into the JP GTA’s initiatives to share lessons from the Programme and build colleagues' and partners' knowledge and skills. The final pages on 'policy support and institutional engagement' highlight major global and corporate initiatives supported by the JP GTA.