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Transformations in agriculture and their implications for rural development







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    Book (stand-alone)
    Rural migration in sub-Saharan Africa: patterns, drivers and relation to structural transformation
    Rural employment working paper
    2019
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    Sub-Saharan Africa has a long history of internal and international migratory movements. Migration patterns and dynamics from, to and between rural areas are profoundly differentiated across regions, and flows have considerably evolved over time. Yet, more recently, rural migration takes place in the unique situation of a major rural and urban demographic increase, which results in critical socio-economic and environmental challenges. In this context, intertwined migration drivers emerge and call for a better understanding of on-going dynamics. This working paper draws on a combination of literature review and data analysis, building on the results of the Atlas "Rural Africa in motion. Dynamics and drivers of migration South of the Sahara". This mixed approach is used to propose a conceptual framework based on past, current and future drivers of migration, then to examine observed patterns of rural migration and finally to discuss drivers’ characteristics and dynamics from case studies and existing datasets.
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    Institutional changes for agricultural and rural development in the CEEC and CIS region 2006
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    The paper emphasizes the importance of embedded institutions for the transformation of the agricultural sector and rural economies in the transition countries and identifies and analyses institutional aspects regarding agriculture and rural development common to the transition countries. It focuses on the institutional dimension of reform policies, i.e. on the political economy aspects of the transition process that were decisive for the success or failure of the reforms. The importance of ident ifying the “mental models” of various stakeholders during the transition process is emphasized and the reasons are explored why the transition process in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe has not resulted in a restructuring of the agricultural sector towards family farms as most were expecting. The paper then discusses the role of institutions for the governance of farms, the comparative advantage of farm sizes and the choice of specific legal forms of farms.
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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Promoting decent rural employment 2017
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    Promoting policies and investments that support the creation of decent employment opportunities in rural areas is crucial to generating livelihoods for the world’s poor. Rural people depend on agriculture and their own labour to earn a living; yet, rural employment opportunities are often scarce, informal, hazardous and poorly remunerated. To meet the Sustainable Development Goals and eradicate poverty and hunger by 2030, FAO works to build lasting policy changes that foster rural employment. B y supporting the development of strategies and programmes that create more and better jobs, FAO helps governments stimulate both the agricultural and the rural, non-farm economies. This includes promoting the application of international labour standards, particularly for eliminating child labour in agriculture, and partnering with national stakeholders to build human capital by improving access to vocational and entrepreneurial training and strengthening the capacity of rural organizations. FA O also helps countries address the root causes of distress migration by boosting decent employment opportunities in rural areas, while building resilience and risk management mechanisms to protect rural livelihoods.

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