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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookGeographic information – Classification systems: Land Cover Meta Language (LCML)
Part 2: ISO 19144-2:2023 (Edition 2)
2025Also available in:
No results found.The ISO 19144-2 – land cover meta language (LCML) is prepared jointly by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Technical Committee of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics. This document specifies a Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different Land Cover classification systems to be described based on physiognomic aspects. This document recognizes that a number of Land Cover classification systems exist. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic Land Cover classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world. -
BookletCorporate general interestLand Cover Legend Registry (LCLR)
Functionalities and legend preparation - User guide
2023Also available in:
No results found.In 2021, FAO launched the land cover legend registry (LCLR), the world's first repository of harmonized national, regional, and global land cover legends, adhering to ISO 19135 standards. This online catalog offers access to land cover legends prepared in line with ISO 19144-2 using tools like LCCS and LCHS software. Integrated into FAO's Hand-in-Hand initiative, the LCLR enables import of legends to their cloud platform for earth observation data processing via SEPAL, fostering opportunities for global-to-local natural resource monitoring enhancements. The accompanying publication details LCLR functionalities and provides guidance on creating legends in various file formats using different software. -
Book (stand-alone)ProceedingsProceedings of the FAO/UNEP Expert Consultation on Strategies for Global Land Cover Mapping and Monitoring 2002
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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureLand Cover Mapping Process - Gambia 2023
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No results found.Land cover and land use information is a vital source of information for governments, agencies and institutions of a country to make informed decisions, promote sustainable development, protect the environment, food security biodiversity conservation, climate change and ensure the well-being of their citizens. It plays a critical role in shaping policies and actions that align with long-term sustainability goals. The Government of the Gambia has committed to a stronger agricultural performance since the democratic transition and has asked International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) to co-finance the Resilience of Organizations for Transformative Smallholder Agriculture Project (ROOTS). In addition, the Government has stressed the need to capitalize on the gains of the closed IFAD-funded National Agricultural Land and Water Management Development (NEMA) program. The Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations (FAO) has been providing technical support to many countries through various geospatial and remote sensing activities related to land and water monitoring, agricultural productivity and food security, agricultural information and statistics services. With this backdrop, IFAD approached FAO requesting potential technical support to the ROOTS project in support to component 1 (with specific focus on infrastructure development and management for resilient rice cultivation, vegetable cultivation, agroforestry and mangrove restoration). -
Book (series)NewsletterSpecial report – 2023 FAO Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission (CFSAM) to the Republic of the Sudan
19 March 2024
2024Also available in:
No results found.Between 2 and 17 January 2024, following a request by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MoA&F), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in close cooperation with the Food Security Technical Secretariat (FSTS) and the State Ministries of Agriculture, carried out its annual Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission (CFSAM) to estimate the 2023 crop production and assess the food supply situation throughout the 18 states of the country. The report's recommendations are to provide immediate response to the needs of the population most affected by acute food insecurity as well as to support the recovery of the agriculture sector, increasing food production and farmers’ incomes, and enhancing efficiency along the value chain to reduce production costs. -
Book (stand-alone)General interest bookFood policies and their implications on overweight and obesity trends in selected countries in the Near East and North Africa region
Regional Program Working Paper No. 30
2020Also available in:
No results found.Regional and global trends in body weight show that the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region countries, especially the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries, have the highest average body mass index and highest rates of overweight and obesity in the world. There exist several explanations that expound the high rates of overweight and obesity in most NENA countries, including the nutrition transition, urbanization, changes in lifestyle, and consequent reduction of physical activities. This study examines the implication of food policies, mainly trade and government food subsidies, on evolving nutritional transitions and associated body weight outcomes. We examine the evolution of trade (food) policies, food systems, and body weight outcomes across selected countries in the NENA region – Egypt, Jordan, and Iraq. In particular, we investigate the implications of important trade (food) policies in shaping diets and food systems as well as their implications on public health outcomes, mainly the rising levels of overweight and obesity in the NENA region. We provide a simple conceptual framework through which trade policies (tariff rates) and domestic government food policies (subsidies) may affect food systems and nutritional outcomes. An important and innovative feature of this study is that it compiles several macro- and micro-level datasets that allow both macro and micro-level analyses of the evolution of trade (food) policies and associated obesity trends. This approach helps to at least partly overcome the data scarcity that complicates rigorous policy research in the NENA region. Overweight and obesity rates have almost doubled between 1975 and 2016, with varying rates and trends across regions. For instance, whereas body weight in the NENA region was comparable with that found in high-income countries in the early years, after the 1990s regional overweight and obesity rates became much higher than those in high-income countries. Specifically, while most high-income countries are experiencing a relative slowing of increases in overweight rates, the trend for the NENA region continues to increase at higher rates. The evolution of overweight rates for the GCC countries are even more concerning. These trends are likely to contribute to the already high burden of non-communicable diseases in the NENA region. Contrary to the conventional view that overweight and obesity rates are urban problems, our findings show that rural body weight has been rising over the past few decades, sometimes at higher rates than in urban areas.