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Book (series)Working paperCropping system diversification in Eastern and Southern Africa: Identifying policy options to enhance productivity and build resilience 2018
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No results found.Crop diversification is an important policy objective to promote climate change adaptation, yet the drivers and impacts of crop diversification vary considerably depending on the specific combinations of crops a farmer grows. This paper examines adoption determinants of seven different cropping systems in Malawi, Zambia and Mozambique, and the impact of their adoption on maize productivity and income volatility – using a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model. These cropping systems consist in different combinations of four categories of crops: dominate staple (maize), alternative staples, legumes, and cash-crops. The study finds that relative to maize mono-cropping systems, the vast majority of systems have either neutral or positive effects on maize productivity, and either reduce or have neutral effects on crop income volatility. In particular, cropping systems that include legumes produce better outcome in most cases than those that feature cash crops. From a policy perspective, three recurrent determinants of diversification are found. First, private sector output market access is an important driver of diversification out of maize mono-cropping. Policies crowding in private output market actors can help to promote a wide range of more diverse cropping systems. Second, proximity to public marketing board buying depots discourages the adoption of more diverse cropping systems. Therefore, reforms to these institutions must be part of any diversification strategy. Finally, in all countries and for all systems, land size is a key determinant of adopting more diverse systems. Thus, land policy is an integral element of any boarder diversification strategy. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochureBuilding resilience to cope with climate change in Jordan through improving water use efficiency in the agriculture sector بناء القدرة على التكيف مع تغير المناخ في الأردن من خلال تحسين كفاءة استخدام المياه في قطاع الزراعة 2023
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No results found.Jordan is one of the most water scarce countries in the world and climate change is threatening the livelihoods of thousands of people who depend on agriculture for their well-being. Climate change induced hazards such as droughts, extreme temperatures and flash floods have almost tripled in the country since the 1980s, compared to a doubling worldwide, exposing the population to loss of life, livelihoods and property. This factsheet will give the reader a breief about this project, valued at USD 33.25 million, which specifically targets four Governorates in the Dead Sea Basin – Karak, Madaba, Talifah and Ma’an – which are particularly vulnerable to climate change and climate-induced water stress. The 840 900 inhabitants of these areas are heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture, have high poverty rates among the rural population, and have insufficient know-how and resources to adapt to a changing climate. In line with the objectives of Jordan’s climate change policy (2013–2020) and the National Adaptation Plan (2020), project investments are expected to reach 212 416 people (47% of whom are women), reduce groundwater overdraft by 3% to 3.5%, and contribute up to 4.5% to the water management goals in the National Water Strategy. يعد الأردن أحد أكثر البلدان ندرة في المياه في العالم، ويهدد تغير المناخ سبل عيش الآلاف من الأشخاص الذين يعتمدون على الزراعة في رفاهيتهم. وقد تضاعفت المخاطر الناجمة عن تغير المناخ مثل الجفاف ودرجات الحرارة القصوى والفيضانات المفاجئة ثلاث مرات تقريبًا في البلاد منذ الثمانينيات، مقارنة بتضاعفها في جميع أنحاء العالم، مما يعرض السكان لخسائر في الأرواح وسبل العيش والممتلكات. ستعطي نشرة الحقائق هذه للقارئ نبذة مختصرة عن هذا المشروع، الذي تبلغ قيمته 33.25 مليون دولار أمريكي، والذي يستهدف على وجه التحديد أربع محافظات في حوض البحر الميت - الكرك ومادبا والطليفة ومعان - المعرضة بشكل خاص لتغير المناخ والتأثيرات المناخية. ضغط الماء. ويعتمد سكان هذه المناطق البالغ عددهم 840900 نسمة اعتمادا كبيرا على الزراعة البعلية، وترتفع معدلات الفقر بين سكان الريف، وليس لديهم ما يكفي من الدراية والموارد للتكيف مع تغير المناخ. وتماشياً مع أهداف سياسة الأردن بشأن تغير المناخ (2013-2020) والخطة الوطنية للتكيف (2020)، من المتوقع أن تصل استثمارات المشروع إلى 212416 شخصاً (47% منهم نساء)، وتقليل السحب على المياه الجوفية بنسبة 3% إلى 3.5%. %، والمساهمة بما يصل إلى 4.5% في أهداف إدارة المياه في الاستراتيجية الوطنية للمياه. -
Book (series)Evaluation reportEvaluation of FAO’s contribution to building resilience to El Niño-induced drought in Southern Africa 2016-2017 2020
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No results found.During the 2015–2016 agricultural season, Southern Africa experienced intense drought due to one of the strongest El Niño events in 50 years. With 70 percent of the population reliant on agriculture, El Niño had a direct impact on food security and caused loss of income across crop and livestock value chains. FAO activated a corporate surge support and launched its Southern Africa El Niño Response Plan, appealing for USD 109 million to support government efforts to rebuild and fortify agricultural livelihoods, restoring agricultural production, incomes and assets and increasing household access to nutritious food. FAO country teams translated the regional plan into tailored intervention packages on the ground. But while agro-meteorological and early-warning alerts were timely, they did not trigger early action. The evaluation calls on FAO to initiate a systematic approach to adaptive programming, to conduct an in-depth analysis of the factors that slowed delivery in Southern Africa, to expand on the targeting of different groups, so as to meet the needs of farmers with varying degrees of vulnerability, and to bolster learning, information-sharing and advocacy efforts across countries.
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BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
BookletCorporate general interestIntroduction to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) 2023
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No results found.This guidance document introduces the seven principles of Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) according to the Codex Alimentarius General Principles of Food Hygiene (CXC 1-1969), and how to apply them using the 12 steps to enhance the control of significant hazards in a food business and ensure food safety. Hazard analysis and critical control point is an important part of food safety management. It is a globally recognized, systematic and science-based approach to food safety that addresses biological, chemical and physical hazards throughout the food chain from primary production to final consumption. The HACCP approach focuses on control measures for significant hazards rather than relying only on end-product inspection and testing. A food business should only implement HACCP once it has established solid prerequisite programmes of food safety management, as described in the sections on Good hygiene practices (GHP). Implementing HACCP may be challenging for some businesses. However, HACCP principles can be applied with flexibility in individual operations, and businesses may use external resources or adapt a generic HACCP plan to their specific circumstances. This publication is part of the FAO Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Toolbox for Food Safety series. The toolbox is a central repository of practical guidance and resource materials to strengthen food safety capacities, both public and private, in order to develop and implement food safety management programmes in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius General Principles of Food Hygiene guidelines (CXC 1-1969). Care was taken to consider the challenges faced by small food business operators and primary producers in low- and middle-income countries, and those with an institutional role, such as government officials, academia and capacity building organizations.