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ArticleJournal articleImpacts of co-management approach in influencing cognitive behavior of stakeholders in conserving the Sundarbans mangrove forest
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The Sundarbans – the single largest mangrove forest in the world is under significant pressure of more than 3.5 million people surrounding the forest who are either partially or completely dependent on the natural resources of the forest for their livelihoods. The management of this reserved forest was found ineffective for several decades mainly due to increased population pressure. It has been more than a decade since the government of Bangladesh have introduced co-management approach (CMA) which involved the local communities to the management functions of the forest. After the completion of several CMA-based projects, this research explored the impacts of CMA by influencing the cognitive behavior of different stakeholders which facilitated the conservation efforts of the Sundarbans. Factors affecting the changes in the local stakeholders’ behavior viz., literacy rate and alternative income generating sources, attitude, performance experience, observational learning, and emotional arousal were revealed in this qualitative study. It inquired how CMA influenced the behavioral changes of the local stakeholders by improving social and environmental awareness. This study also identified the problems and role of higher institutional bodies in changing the locals’ attitude towards the co-management functions. It also found the relationship among the components of CMA and the elements of cognitive behavior influencing the decision-making process of different stakeholders. The study examined whether this process moved forward or not to a sustainable solution for the conservation of the mangrove forest. The findings of the research are expected to help the policy makers to take various policy decisions for the improved and sustainable management of the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Moreover, the findings are also applicable as nature-based solutions for climate-change adaptation through changed attitudes and behaviors of local community people. Keywords: Co-management approach, cognitive behavior, conservation, Sundarbans, Bangladesh ID: 3487000 -
ArticleJournal articleBiodiversity and carbon sequestration assessments for wetland management framework in the wetlands in Bangladesh for climate mitigation and adaptation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The wetlands of Bangladesh are biologically diversified having a wide range of ecosystems ranging from northern region’s Haor to Mangrove forests of coastal zone of the country. Among these wetlands, there are two RAMSAR sites; Tanguar Haor and The Sundarbans. An updated inventory of the biodiversity and tree carbon stock is a timely demand as the climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation is of high significance in Bangladesh. This studies objective is to assess the floral (tree) diversity and above ground carbon stock per hector in and around the wetlands along with a wetland management framework for Bangladesh. this study uses both qualitative and quantitative method. This study adopts a nested plot inventory method to assess biodiversity assessment (diversity and evenness index) and carbon stock assessment. A total of 190 plots were taken in three different types of wetlands: 50 plots in Tangoar Haor, 50 plots in Kaptai Lake, 20 plots in Baikka Beel, 20 plots in Ratargul swamp forest and 50 plots in Hakaluki Haor. Additionally, 300 personal interviews along with 40 FGDs were carried out to obtain the people’s perception on biodiversity status in context of previous time. The study reveals that, the Shannon indexes for Tanguar Haor, Kaptai Lake, Baikka Beel, Ratargul swamp forest and Hakaluki Haor are 0.517, 0.779, 0.687, 0.279 and 0.828 respectively. It shows that the Ratargul have low biodiversity, whereas Hakaluki haor have higher biodiversity. Secondly the tree above ground carbon stocks tons per hectors for Tanguar Haor, Kaptai Lake, Baikka Beel, Ratargul swamp forest and Hakaluki Haor are 25.929, 59.210, 28.767, 31.538 and 33.587. The social data i.e., interview and FGD indicates a declining trend of tree species diversity in comparison past. The study results also provide comprehensive management framework involving malty level stakeholders for wetlands of Bangladesh. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Adaptive and integrated management, Climate change ID: 3486762 -
ArticleJournal articleVulnerability assessment of Ukrainian forests to climate change as the base of nature-based solutions for mitigation and adaptation
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.A wide range of climatic conditions in Ukraine causes significant regional differences in the vulnerability of forests to climate change. The mitigation/adaptation strategy should be based on assessments of their vulnerability at the regional level. Phytoindication model by prof. Y.P. Didukh (1994) was used to assess forest vulnerability. The model gives a quantitative estimation of climate as one of major environmental factors affecting the distribution, condition and productivity of vegetation on the base of climate-related indicators – continentality, humidity and frost. For these indicators climate suitability scales were calculated. Modeling was carried out for main forest species: Pinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L., Fagus sylvatica L., Picea abies (L.) H.Karst, Betula pendula Roth., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. Climate projections based on the Euro CORDEX time series (up to 2100) and 2 scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5) were used. By means of Q-GIS the maps containing zones of suitability to climate for each of studied species were created for current climate conditions and future time series. The directions for strengthening the mitigation and adaptive capacity of forests are considered. The mainstream for nature-based solutions is adaptive sustainable forest management, which provides: 1)optimization of land use structure and increasing the forested area; 2) development and implementation of a national forestry program considering the priorities of climate change and low-carbon development; 3) using wood to substitute greenhouse gas intensive-materials and fossil fuels; 4) best forestry practices through the introduction of modern Climate Smart Forestry principles. Keywords: RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5, Euro CORDEX, climate trends, adaptive forest management ID: 3487120
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (series)FlagshipReview of the state of world marine fishery resources – 2025 2025
Also available in:
No results found.Marine fisheries are crucial to the food security and nutrition, economy and overall well-being of coastal communities. Maintaining the long-term prosperity and sustainability of marine fisheries is therefore not only ecologically significant, but has social, economic and political importance. The aim of this report is to provide FAO Members, national and regional policymakers, academia, civil society, fishers and managers of world fishery resources with a comprehensive, objective and global review of the state of the living fishery resources of the oceans. This document updates the regular reviews of the state of the world’s marine fishery resources, based on stock assessments and complementary information up to 2023, and official catch statistics through to 2021. The introductory and methodology chapters provide the wider context in which this updated edition of the Review of the state of world marine fishery resources was prepared, highlighting evolutions in the landscape of fisheries and stock assessment capacities since the previous edition of this report in 2011. The methodology section gives a detailed overview of the updated FAO process for providing the state of stocks index, which involved a highly participatory and transparent process (including 19 regional workshops and consultations, with around 650 in-person experts representing 92 countries and 200 organizations). Importantly, the total number of stocks in the assessments included in this report has significantly increased to 2 570. Discussions on major trends and changes at the global level are explored in a dedicated global overview chapter, while more detailed information on the status of stocks for each of the FAO Major Fishing Areas is set out in dedicated regional chapters. Special sections address the global issue of tunas and tuna-like species, and other high-profile fisheries such as deep-sea fisheries in areas beyond national jurisdiction, and highly migratory sharks. Summary tables are provided for each species grouping used in this assessment, indicating the number of stocks included, their sustainability classification between overfished, maximally sustainably fished, and underfished categories, and the number of stocks classified into tiers based on the availability and quality of information and thus the assessment methods used.