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Review on the current status of fisheries/aquaculture and policies of Cambodia relevant to RFLP

Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia. (GCP/RAS/237/SPA)








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    Book (stand-alone)
    National report on current fisheries and aquaculture policies of relevance to the Regional Fisheries Livelihood Programme (RFLP) in Sri Lanka 2010
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    At the start of the programme period, RFLP engaged a national consultant to review the legal framework and government policies of Sri Lanka likely to impact either positively or negatively against the five national level outputs on 1) Co-management; 2) Safety at sea and vulnerability reduction; 3) Post-harvest and marketing of aquatic products; 4) Livelihoods enhancement and diversification; and 5) Micro-finance services. This report presents the findings for Sri Lanka and recommendations for RF LP to consider
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Current fisheries and aquaculture policies relevant to RFLP in Viet Nam
    Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia. (GCP/RAS/237/SPA)
    2010
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    The Fisheries sector is significant contribution to the economy of Vietnam, the export value in 2008 was US$ 4.509 billion. The fisheries and aquaculture sectors have expanded rapidly over the past decade, with aquaculture production rising from 1,202,500 to 2,430,944 tonnes over the period from 2004 to 2008, with more than 1.3 million MT tons of Pangasius and 450,000 MT of brackish and freshwater shrimp and prawn. Fisheries production in 2008 was about 2,134 thousand tons, of which marine captu re contributed 1,937 thousand tons. The natural resources, particularly inshore fisheries are considered to be over-exploited with many high valued fish resources having declined to low levels. The number of vessels has increased continuously without control since 1980. This leads to increased competition in inshore areas. In order to earn a living, fishermen use many destructive fishing gears and bad practices including smaller mesh sizes than required, other destructive fishing methods like el ectricity, poisons, dynamite. As a result, fish of all sizes are captured, including young and fingerling fish. In recent years, the Government of Vietnam has enacted many policies to support the aim of sustainable development, and poverty reduction while protecting natural resources. To reduce fishing pressure in coastal areas, many programs have been promoted by the Government including offshore fisheries, aquaculture development, services on sea development and infrastructure development. The offshore fishing vessels under Government’s offshore fishing program are supported by a credit scheme for boat construction, upgrading of fishing vessels and offshore fishing services. Considered one of the major alternative activities to diversify income for coastal communities, the aquaculture sector has received increasingly strong support under Government of Vietnam policy over the past 20 years. The main focus has been on the establishment of infrastructure for aquaculture development, and to convert saline paddy fields, low lying land, land used for salt production, flooded land and other unproductive land to aquaculture. In addition Government policy has supported fishers and farmers in isolated areas through credit schemes. Micro-finance is conducted through the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (VBARD), the Commercial Investment Bank (CIB) and the Bank for Social Policy (BSP). BSP mainly provides subsidized loans to poor households, while VBARD and CIB make l arge loans to enterprises. These policies have supported fishermen investing in pond construction, buying of equipment, seed, feeds and other items. To protect natural resources and bio-diversity the following activities have been implemented: Fishing licensing, control of productivity in specific marine areas, protection of rare and precious species that are in danger of extinction, restocking to enhance breeding population size and density, protection of aquatic habitats, and rehabilitation an d protection of fisheries resources etc. Co-management is considered as a potential tool for sustainable utilization of fisheries resources in Vietnam, particularly for small-scale fisheries. In Vietnam, co-management has recently been included in many policy instruments and pilots are in operation in Vietnam with varying degrees of success. Vietnam has set up and is continuously improving the law, regulations and standards on conditions for food safety, environment and animal health protection , which meets most of the provisions, articles for technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) measures on food quality and safety of fish and fishery products, from aquaculture to processing and trading of fish and fishery products. The assurance of food safety needs requires the use of a systematic approach from raw material production, handling, processing, preservation and distribution of fish and fishery product to the customers. Over last 20 years, the Vietnam g overnment has enacted many policies to improve safety and reduce vulnerability for fishing communities such as policies on improving safety for fishermen and fishing boats at sea, support of radio communication devices for owner of fishing boats, support to fishermen to overcome natural risks at sea, support to protecting and reduce the affects of natural calamities at sea, insurance support for vessels and fishers, establish anchorages and storm shelters, and establishment of information networ ks on sea and islands, etc.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    National legal framework and current status of Indonesia fisheries: Steps to improve small-scale fishers livelihoods
    Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia. (GCP/RAS/237/SPA)
    2010
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    Small-scale fisheries make an important global contribution such as providing food and households’ cash income. However, they are still underdeveloped, vulnerable, and poor. The lack of collaborative management, the vulnerability of small fisheries, the loss of income because of poor post-catch treatment, the lack of alternative livelihood, and the lack of access to finance are the most important small fisheries’ problems. Such problems will be addressed by the four year Regional Fisheries Livel ihood Programme (RFLP) for South and Southeast Asia which is operating in Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Langka, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam. In Indonesia, RFLP has activities in East Nusa Tenggara and specifically in 4 of its 20 regencies namely Kupang, Kota Kupang, Rote Ndao, and Alor. The paper describes two component may affect small fishers livelihood, i.e. national regulation as well as national and local fisheries state conditions. The first component is containing law and regulation on responsible fisheries, water-resources and habitat, commercial fisheries, spatial planning, collaborative management, micro finance, safety of life on the sea, and disaster mitigation. The second component is containing resource mismatch, shifting to aquaculture, mismatch between administrative and fishing ground boundary, conflict between utilization and conservation, unequal profit margin and benefit inequity, bounded rationality, and declining aquatic resources. Based on two components ab ove and project aims, the paper recommends six forthcoming actions regarding fisheries co-management mechanisms, measures to improve safety at sea and reduce vulnerability, measures for improved quality of fishery products and market chains, diversified income opportunities for fisher families, facilitated access to micro-finance services, and promoting sharing knowledge.

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