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Book (stand-alone)Gender differences in assets 2011
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No results found.Agriculture can be an important engine of growth and poverty reduction. But the sector is underperforming in many countries in part because women, who are often a crucial resource in agriculture and the rural economy, face constraints that reduce their productivity. In this paper we document the gender gap in access to and ownership of most inputs, asset and services important for agricultural activities. We focus in particular on education, land, livestock, financial services, modern inputs, in formation and extension and labour. Across assets and inputs women are disadvantaged. The gap in education has narrowed over the last decades but substantial gaps remain in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. For land, the key farm household asset, there are significant gender differences in access to land across regions. Moreover female-headed households also typically operate smaller land holdings than male-headed households, across regions. There are also significant and systematic gender diff erences with regard to livestock, financial services, modern inputs, information and extension and labour. Gender differences in assets are generally interlinked, for example when female farmers have lower levels of technology this is due to their having less access to land, less access to labour and less access to extension services, not their sex. This also helps explain why women farmers do not necessarily benefit from access to extension services, as some studies have found. The implication of this is that selective interventions are unlikely to be effective. -
Book (series)Can’t hold me down? Farming households’ access to productive assets and inputs
A cross-country approach
2025Also available in:
No results found.This study provides country-level estimates of productive inputs and assets utilized by farming households, including land, fertilizers, agrochemicals, water management technologies, improved seeds, and mechanization in 19 countries across the world covering the period 2014–2020, using the latest nationally representative survey. Additionally, we explore inputs’ distribution across various dimensions such as household per capita consumption, crop income specialization, and the gender of the household head, while considering the level of agricultural productivity across countries as proxied by agricultural value added per worker. Our descriptive analysis reveals that farming households continue to face challenges in accessing inputs, assets, and water sources to support agricultural production in most of the countries analysed regardless of their productivity level. A gender gap persists in access to land and inputs, in all the countries analysed, regardless of their rural transformation path. Our empirical analysis emphasizes the significance of utilizing these inputs and assets, highlighting their potential to increase crop income for households in our sample of countries. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetAdoption of farm inputs, mechanization, irrigation and gender gaps in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from the Rural Livelihoods Information System (RuLIS)
RuLIS brief
2021Also available in:
No results found.RuLIS is a tool to support policies for reducing rural poverty, jointly developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Statistics Division, the World Bank and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). RuLIS brings together harmonized indicators and comparable data across countries and over time on rural incomes, livelihoods and rural development. Using the RuLIS data, this brief focuses on the observations made in the adoption of agricultural inputs, along with improved technology such as irrigation, and mechanised tools among crop farm households in sub-Saharan Africa.
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