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Book (series)Technical studyPromotion of sustainable commercial aquaculture in sub-Saharan Africa. Volume 2: Investment and economic feasibility 2002
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This volume of the report on the promotion of sustainable commercial aquaculture in sub-Saharan Africa discusses the difficult access to investment capital, one of the major obstacles to the development of sustainable commercial aquaculture in the region. The problem arises from a lack of collateral, excessively high interest rates on loans, bankers' perceptions that aquaculture carries a particularly high risk of failure, a lack of knowledge, by farmers, of the modalities of applying for loans and a lack or limited information, on the part of lenders, of commercially successful aquaculture enterprises in the region. While some of the lenders' perceptions are valid, particularly in instances where the industry is not yet established and difficulties could occur as a result of local unavailability of necessary inputs, the market is untested and there are no examples of commercial success that could offer an indication of viability, preliminary evidence seems to indicate that banks tend to exaggerate the likelihood of failure of commercial aquaculture projects in sub-Saharan Africa. Borrowers need to be able to formulate and present their business proposals in a precise and concise manner that effectively offers the lender a comprehensive picture of the proposed business, communicates how they expect to profit from the proposed enterprises and generate the funds for the repayment of the loans sought. The problem of collateral could be tackled through the use of “no-collateral” strategies such as group lending, village banks and solidarity groups, alternative collaterals such as titled land and moveable property, which in many cases bespeaks the need for legal and regulatory reforms and through government loan guarantees. When affordable, government loan guarantees and subsidized interest rates could also be used to lessen the problem of high interest rates. -
Book (series)Technical studyPromotion of sustainable commercial aquaculture in sub-Saharan Africa. Volume 1. Policy framework. 2001
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This document examines policies that encourage sustainable commercial aquaculture in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Commercial aquaculture, the rearing of aquatic organisms with the goal of maximizing profit, can contribute to food security and alleviation of hunger, directly by producing food fish and indirectly by generating income for the purchase of food, government revenues, improving a country's balance of trade as an export or as an import substitute, stimulating technological advances, bolstering the development of isolated regions and since it depends on private rather than public funds and is likely to use resources adequately, it is sustainable. However, some forms of commercial aquaculture can cause environmental damage and social conflicts. Stabilisation or decline of the capture fisheries, growing shortage of fish for domestic markets, export opportunities, suitable land and water and cheap labour offer prospects for commercial aquaculture in sub- Saharan Africa. Limited access to credit, shortages and high cost of feed, lack of good quality seed, and a low flow of capital investment hamper its development. Good governance, openness to trade, macroeconomic growth policies, emphasis on private investment as a source of wealth, land security, tax exemptions and holidays, loan guarantees, debt-equity swaps, promotion of large farms, producer associations, strategic planning and transparent regulatory procedures can stimulate the development of the sector. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (series)Technical studyAquaculture development and research in Sub-Saharan Africa. Synthesis of national reviews and indicative action plan for research 1994
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No results found.This document is based on twelve national reports of the most important aquaculture countries in Africa South of the Sahara. It analyses the present situation of aquaculture development in terms of: its historical development, public sector involvement, support activities for development of the subsector and planning experiences, and briefly reviews the external assistance received for development projects. The research subsector is then analysed to verify the correspondence between its structur e, programmes and plans and the identified needs for aquaculture development. Through a logical process for priority-ranking and for correspondence with the development objectives an indicative action plan emerges, including nine regional programmes which would assist in fostering aquaculture development in the short and medium terms through support to research. These research programmes, involving centres of the five agro-ecological regions of Africa South of the Sahara working as activity netw orks, include a project for aquaculture information centres in support of all other eight proposals. Other programmes include socio-economics, aquaculture production indicators, pond fertilization and feeding strategies, fish broodstock improvement and management, small water bodies fisheries enhancement, aquaculture in irrigation schemes, indigenous fish culture and marine aquaculture.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.