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Book (series)Manual / guideValuing forest ecosystem services: a training manual for planners and project developers 2019
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No results found.The degradation of ecosystems, including forests, and the associated loss of biodiversity, particularly due to human-induced threats and climate change, has gained increased attention from scientists and policymakers. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment presented a new conceptual framework that puts ecosystem services at the centre and links human well-being to the impacts on ecosystems of changes in natural resources. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity initiative drew further attention to the economic benefits of conserving ecosystems and biodiversity, supporting the idea that economic instruments – if appropriately applied, developed and interpreted – can inform policy- and decision-making processes. Only a few ecosystem services, however, have explicit market value and are traded in open markets: many – especially those categorized as having “passive-use” value – remain invisible and are rarely accounted for in traditional economic systems. The failure to appropriately consider the full economic value of ecosystem services in decision making enables the continued degradation and loss of ecosystems and biodiversity. Most ecosystem services are considered public goods and tend to be overexploited by society. Many methods have been applied to the economic valuation of ecosystem services. The use of these methods, as well as the interpretation of their results, requires familiarity with the ecological, political, normative and socio-economic context and the science of economics. Recognizing, demonstrating and capturing the value of ecosystem services can play an important role in setting policy directions for ecosystem management and conservation and thus in increasing the provision of ecosystem services and their contributions to human well-being. The aim of this manual is to enhance understanding of ecosystem services and their valuation. The specific target group comprises governmental officers in planning units and field-level officers and practitioners in key government departments in Bangladesh responsible for project development, including the Ministry of Environment and Forests and its agencies. Most of the examples and case studies presented herein, therefore, are tailored to the Bangladesh context, but the general concepts, approaches and methods can be applied to a broad spectrum of situations. This manual focuses on valuing forest-related ecosystem services, including those provided by trees outside forests. It is expected to improve valuation efforts and help ensure the better use of such values in policymaking and decision making. Among other things, the manual explores the basics of financial mathematics (e.g. the time value of money; discounting; cost–benefit analysis; and profitability and risk indicators); the main methods of economic valuation; examples of the valuation of selected ecosystem services; and inputs for considering values in decision making. -
Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideLivelihoods-based restoration of inland aquatic ecosystems for poverty reduction, food and nutrition security and biodiversity conservation
Guidance for policymakers and practitioners on putting livelihoods first in ecosystem restoration
2025Also available in:
No results found.Two important imbalances in the dialogue on ecosystem restoration are addressed. First, the over-focus on ecological objectives as the entry point. Second, the under-recognition of the importance of and opportunities for restoration of inland aquatic ecosystems. Most current general forums, literature and guidelines on ecosystem restoration emphasise ecological approaches and/or outcomes for nature. Human well-being, and more rarely livelihoods benefits, are often implied but not always central. The approach here does so, adopting a people-centred approach that addresses the objectives of livelihoods, poverty reduction and food and nutrition security. Ecological outcomes are seen as a tool to achieve this end and co-benefit of it. The approach significantly changes how ecosystem restoration is assessed, planned, implemented, monitored, and funded, trade-offs among winners and losers become more transparent and central, local knowledge is prioritised over scientific/technical approaches and local communities are placed central to the design and implementation of interventions. Apart from human rights, justice and equity considerations and alignment with development goals and priorities, a people-centred approach with a focus on livelihoods, poverty and food security is more likely to deliver sustainable outcomes, including for biodiversity, particularly where local communities are empowered to manage the direct use of these ecosystems for livelihoods benefits. The guidance provides only a brief introduction to the topic through a set of principles, relevant conceptual frameworks, a theory of change and key considerations in designing an ecosystem restoration programme or project. The intention is, where necessary, to shift the policy approach and how practitioners use associated guidance on relevant topics. Throughout, examples from inland aquatic ecosystems in developing countries are provided to illustrate the topics. -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (series)Technical studyStrategies for sustainable animal agriculture in developing countries 1993
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No results found.he FAO Expert Consultation on Strategies for Sustainable Animal Agriculture in Developing Countries was held at the FAO Headquarters in Rome, Italy, from 10 to 14 December 1990.Animal agriculture is a complex, multi-component, interactive process that is dependant on land, human resources and capital investment. Throughout the developing world it is practised in many different forms, in different environments and with differing degrees of intensity and biological efficiency. As a result any meaningful discussion of the subject must draw on a broad spectrum of the biological and earth sciences as well as the social, economic and political dimensions that bear so heavily on the advancement of animal agriculture. There is a growing consensus among politicians, planners and scientists alike that livestock production in the third world is not developing as it should, or at a sufficient pace to meet the high quality protein needs of a rapidly expanding human population. The sobering reality is, despite the many development projects implemented over the years by national, bilateral and multinational agencies and often substantial capital investment, there has been little or no change in the efficiency of animal production in the developing world. Livestock numbers have increased substantially in many countries and while the growth in output is welcome, it does not necessarily equate with sustainable productive growth. On the contrary it can, as it has done in the drought prone arid regions, lead to a lowering of productivity and degradation of the rangelands.The purpose of the Expert Consultation was to discuss and formulate specific criteria and questions relating to the planning and implementation of sustainable livestock production programmes in the developing world. There is increasing concern regarding the conservation of the natural resource base and protection of the global environment and FAO attaches highest priority to the sustainable development of plant and animal agriculture. This Expert Consultation is one of a number of initiatives being undertaken by FAO to ensure the sustainability of it's agricultural development programme. The discussion and recommendations arising from this Expert Consultation have been used to help to focus and guide global, regional and national policies and action programmes on the sustainable development of agriculture and have provided an important contribution to the FAO/Government of the Netherlands International Conference on Agriculture and the Environment held in the hague, 15–19 April, 1991.
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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetGuidelineFood systems-based dietary guidelines: An overview 2024
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No results found.Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) have been used for many years by countries to inform consumers about healthy dietary patterns. Although their effectiveness has been questioned, at the same time, their potential role to help transform food systems towards better nutrition and environmental sustainability has been highlighted in recent years. This document is a brief introduction to the new food systems-based dietary guidelines (FSBDGs) methodology developed by FAO, which not only aims to address health and nutritional priorities but takes a food system approach to promote healthy diets, by considering socio-cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability. -
BookletCorporate general interestGuía de estilo editorial de la FAO: español 2022El propósito de tener una guía de estilo editorial es asegurar la claridad y coherencia en todas las publicaciones de la FAO. Esta versión actualizada de la Guía de estilo editorial de la FAO: español cubre diferentes aspectos sobre ortografía, puntuación, unidades de medida y referencias bibliográficas, entre otros.Todo el personal de la FAO, consultores y colaboradores externos que participen en la redacción, revisión, edición, traducción o corrección de textos y productos informativos de la Organización en español deberán consultar la presente Guía de estilo editorial de la FAO, además de seguir las orientaciones prácticas relativas a los procesos y las cuestiones de maquetación que figuran en las demás directrices sobre publicaciones de la Oficina de Comunicación (OCC).
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BookletTechnical studyTipología de microrregiones de los países del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana
Una herramienta para priorizar inversiones en el marco de la Iniciativa Mano de la mano
2025Also available in:
No results found.En este documento se presentan los resultados del trabajo realizado por la FAO en consulta con los gobiernos de los países y organismos especializados del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana, con el fin de elaborar la tipología de microrregiones del sector agrícola de los países de esta región, y más específicamente, del Corredor Seco y Zonas Áridas, en el marco de la Iniciativa Mano de la mano.La metodología utilizada en el trabajo combina información estadística y geoespacial, así como modelos econométricos de frontera estocástica, para estimar el potencial y la eficiencia de los ingresos agrícolas a nivel de municipio. Los resultados se clasifican en siete tipologías de microrregiones, que varían según el grado de pobreza, potencial y eficiencia. Los mapas que se presentan constituyen un insumo clave, ya que muestran las áreas con mayor potencial y eficiencia agrícola de la región del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana, que son aquellas donde los productores pueden aprovechar mejor las condiciones climáticas, los precios y los insumos para generar ingresos sostenibles.