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Field/community-based early disease detection and reporting system - Report

Delhi, India, 20 April 2025








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    In all regions of the world, livelihoods of people are sustained partially or entirely by the livestock sector. Livestock contribute approximately 40 percent of the global value of agricultural output and support the livelihoods and food security of almost a 1.3 billion people. Global disease intelligence and early warning, supported by science-based risk assessment are key to inform decisions, actions, and timely communication between agencies and sectors responsible for human health, animal health, wildlife, and food safety.
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    Mpox, caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), is a zoonotic disease believed to be maintained in the wild by African rodents and transmissible to a range of mammals, particularly primates such as apes, monkeys and humans. Historically endemic to Central and West Africa, mpox has seen an increase in the scale and frequency of human outbreaks in recent years, extending beyond its traditional range. Zoonotic transmission accounts for a proportion of human cases, highlighting the need for a One Health approach to prevent spillover through upstream interventions. This FAO guide offers practical tools for veterinarians, wildlife professionals, epidemiologists, laboratory personnel, animal health authorities and other stakeholders to detect, investigate and manage mpox in animals. It provides guidance on case definitions, outbreak investigation, specimen collection, laboratory testing, biosafety and biosecurity precautions, and results reporting. The guide also promotes a One Health approach, emphasizing the need for cross-sectoral collaboration and community engagement to manage the disease risk at the human–animal–environmental interface. It also outlines strategies for enhancing long-term surveillance and preparedness, especially in high-risk settings. Recognizing the current knowledge gaps around mpox ecology and the limited surveillance and diagnostic capacities in many endemic and at-risk countries, the guide promotes a flexible, risk-based approach that can be adapted to local contexts. It aims to strengthen capacities for mpox early detection and response in animal populations, contribute to global health security and enhance a coordinated One Health framework to manage other zoonotic threats at their animal sources.

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