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Book (series)A profile of rural poverty, food security and livelihoods in Guatemala 2024
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No results found.This study was developed in order to portray, with high-quality, representative data, the main characteristics of poverty, food insecurity and vulnerability in rural areas of Guatemala. Under the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Hand-in-Hand (HIH) Initiative in Guatemala, the study aims to identify the broad-based challenges affecting the rural agriculture sector. This sector faces challenges in the reduction of poverty and food insecurity, as well as in rural economic development, namely through the development of agricultural value chains. The study capitalizes on the availability of the most recent sources of nationally representative data on rural households and individuals in Guatemala, and leverages FAO’s experience in the analysis of food security, poverty, vulnerability and livelihoods. The study is aimed at policymakers and practitioners working in agrifood systems in rural Guatemala. The findings may also be relevant for other readers interested in rural livelihoods, diversification strategies and inclusivity analyses, and the challenges faced by vulnerable groups such as Indigenous Peoples, women and youth. -
Book (stand-alone)Assessing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of rural people
A review of the evidence
2022Also available in:
No results found.In this paper we focus specifically on differences in the welfare impacts of COVID-19 on rural livelihoods between countries using nationally representative data that we disaggregate by food system typology. This typology captures key structural differences in the organization of rural economies and the vulnerabilities to rural livelihoods due to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures. In particular, we draw on household survey data collected from 54 countries through the World Bank’s COVID-19 High Frequency Monitoring Dashboard to generate descriptive data on COVID-19 impacts in rural areas across three dimensions: income, coping strategies and food security. These descriptive data are disaggregated into four food system categories and contextualized and validated through a systematic review of rigorous, survey-based studies of COVID-19 impacts in rural areas. Through this analysis, the report provides insights on how COVID-19 is influencing rural livelihoods, how its impacts vary between countries and food system typologies, and, ultimately, how policymakers and the international community need to respond in order to foster an inclusive and sustainable recovery. -
DocumentLivelihood Diversification and Vulnerability to Poverty in Rural Malawi
ESA Working Paper No. 15-02
2015Also available in:
No results found.Climate variability, associated with farm-income variability, is recognized as one of the main drivers of livelihood diversification strategies in developing countries. Analysing determinants of livelihood diversification choices, to better understand household strategic behaviour in the event of climatic risks and other shocks, is important for the formulation of development policies in developing countries highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture, like Malawi. We use geo-referenced farm-househ old-level data collected in 2010-11 to investigate how climatic variability influences the pattern of diversification that farmers adopt, and the impacts of these choices on welfare. To do so we apply the “vulnerability to expected poverty” approach which measures the future level of poverty taking into consideration the role of risk and uncertainty. The analysis considers the effect of policies and institutions such as fertilizer subsidies, extension services, safety-net and credit on diversifi cation choices. The results show that higher levels of climate risk generally increase the likelihood of diversification across labour, cropland and income, suggesting the importance of diversification as a response to constraints imposed by increased risk. In contrast, we find that in areas with favourable average rainfall conditions households are more likely to diversify income, suggesting diversification as a response to opportunities. In terms of welfare, the analysis performed on the compo nents of vulnerability to poverty provides evidence that climatic variables are key determinants of both components of vulnerability (expected consumption and its variance). Fertilizer subsidies are found to be significant in diversification choices for all dimensions and also particularly effective in reducing vulnerability to poverty in high variability environments although the same does not hold for extension. Looking at differences across gender, we find that women labour diversification is less responsive than men’s, resulting in a lower positive impact on expected consumption per capita.
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