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Book (series)Working paperImproving the legal framework for participatory forestry
Issues and options for Mongolia
2006Also available in:
No results found.This paper represents part of an area of work in support of enhancing access to land and forest resources in support of rural livelihoods in Mongolia. It is based on learning emerging from an ongoing FAOsupported project called: Support to the development of participatory forest management (TCP/MON/2903). This project has involved the development (through extensive community-level consultations in forest areas) of a detailed Concept Document for the design and implementation of participatory for estry. It has also resulted in in-depth review of the legal opportunities and obstacles currently faced by participatory forestry. -
Book (series)Technical studyParticipatory forestry in Central Asia and the Caucasus: current legal trends and future perspectives 2008
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No results found.The objective of this paper is to identify the current legal trends in participatory forestry in the Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) and in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan).4 The region is unique and interesting because countries share a common Soviet past and currently present different degrees of departure from the centralized planning system and, in some cases, from the state’s exclusive ownership of natural resources.5 Three aspects wi ll be analyzed more specifically with respect to participatory forestry, against the background of international obligations and good practices: a) public participation in forest-related decision-making; b) public access to forest-related information; and c) the direct participation of local communities in forest management. Before turning to the comparative legal analysis, this study offers an overview of the region: the characteristics of the forest sector, the institutional and legal framewor k for forest management, as well as adherence to relevant international agreements. As some of the countries in the region are currently engaged in forest law reform, the study will conclude with some reflections on how to enhance participatory forestry. -
Book (series)Technical studyLegal issues in international agricultural trade: WTO compatibility and negotiations on economic partnership agreements between the European Union and the African, Carribbean and Pacific States 2006
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No results found.The trade relations between the EU as a bloc on the one hand and the ACP countries as a bloc on the other, have for the last three decades been based on a series of “bilateral” treaties designed to provide non-reciprocal preferential terms of access for the products of the latter to the markets of the former – from Lomé I (1975-80), to Lomé II (1980-85), to Lomé III (1985-90), to Lomé IV (1990-1995, later revised and extended to stay until 2000, known as Lome IV bis), and finally to Cotonou (200 0 to 2008).1 It is interesting to observe at the outset that prior to Lomé ‘a number of ACP countries had granted reverse preferences to the EEC’.2 The Lomé process was therefore not just about creation of preferential market access for the products of ACP countries to the EC; it was also about dismantling those pre- Lomé reverse preferences for EC products to access ACP markets, thereby establishing non-reciprocity as the core principle of the Lomé acquis on trade matters. This is set to change now in several important ways and the seed of that change has already been planted in the Cotonou Agreement itself. Indeed, reintroduction of reverse preferences – also called reciprocity – will be a fundamental feature of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) that are being negotiated at this moment under the Cotonou agenda.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.