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ArticleJournal articleAfter ten years of readiness, risks, and challenges ahead for implementation of REDD+ in Nepal
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.After a decade of readiness for REDD+, Nepal has signed the Emission Reduction Payment Agreement (ERPA) with the World Bank under the Carbon Fund of the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) in February 2021. After signing the agreement, Nepal has entered the implementation phase of the REDD+ and is one of the 15 REDD+ countries to do so until September 2021. When Government of Nepal, decided to participate in the REDD+ initiative in 2010, there was some confusion and reluctance among most of the other stakeholders. The situation slowly changed, and all stakeholders hoped that REDD+ would be beneficial for the country in many aspects. This resulted successful implementation of the 1st phase of readiness and approval of the 2nd phase readiness grant. Nepal’s Emission Reduction Program Document (ER-PD) for the 13 Terai Arc Landscape districts was approved by the Carbon Fund in June 2018. Seven interventions proposed in the ER-PD are being implemented formally for the Emission Reduction program since July 2021. This study critically analyzes the risks and challenges ahead for implementation of the REDD+ in Nepal. The study was based mostly on review of various legal instruments, capacity of government institutions and other stakeholders including indigenous people and local communities (IPLCs) and field level consultations. The study revealed that there are some risks for the REDD+ implementation in coming years. Conflicts between the federal and State governments on rights and authority to manage forest resources and likelihood of policy shift to the traditional management of forest resources instead of production oriented SFM practices envisioned by the ER-PD is a big risk. Private sector is not very enthusiastic to participate in the program as their concerns are not addressed. Furthermore, dominance by the forestry sector may hinder the prospect of active involvement of other sectors such as agriculture. There are also some technical challenges and benefit sharing may also be a very contentious. Keywords: Climate change, REDD+, Forest Carbon, Forest Governance; Benefit sharing ID: 3485323 -
DocumentOther documentHow sustainable is the current sustainable forest management approach in Nepal?
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Participatory approach of forest management in Nepal has contributed to increase the forest cover by two folds within two decades. Being protection-oriented it couldn’t contribute towards forest quality improvement and derive economic opportunities to the forest associated communities. In response to the limitations, fulfilling growing demand for forest-based products and need for better silvicultural practice, the Government of Nepal initiated a practice of scientific management of forests (SciFM) in 2012. The initiative has expanded now to 30 collaborative forests, 285 community forests and government managed block forests in Nepal. There has been an argument on the sustainability of SciFM practice among the stakeholders. Eight year since the launch, there is limited information and research about its implementation related to sustainability.
This paper has examined the economic, social and ecological sustainability of forest SciFM practices against the standards for sustainable forest management for Nepal approved by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Focus Group Discussions with four communities from ecological regions, key information interviews, experts consultation, document review and online survey were the major sources of information.
Our analysis shows that the current scientific forest management practice yet to fully meet the requirement to make it more sustainable. Compliance with forest policy and laws, application of technical forestry, fair benefit sharing mechanism, and record keeping systems are relatively addressed however more effort would be needed for securing workers right, adoption of FPIC procedure, safeguarding biodiversity, high value conservation and monitoring and evaluation. To increase overall sustainability, simplification of procedures and confidence building of forest users groups/local communities, indigenous peoples, women through technical, financial and managerial capacity building is highly required. Keywords: Sustainable forest management, Governance, Adaptive and integrated management, Economic Development ID: 3622557 -
ArticleJournal articleSocioeconomic and ecological factors driving agriculture land use in community-forest landscapes in the middle hills of Nepal
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Cropland abandonment has been a global land management issue for several decades. Studying the factors contributing the cropland abandonment enable us to understand the dilemma facing agriculture land management and crucial for agricultural and natural resource policy development and implementation. Previous studies conducted to understand the cropland abandonment mostly overlooked multiple socioeconomic and biophysical factors, together with natural factors. We used a multi-level logistic regression model and quantitative analysis to investigate status and farmers' perceptions of cropland abandonment and analyzed factors contributing to it. We surveyed 415 households and collected 1264 land parcel profiles from 15 community forest user groups. Our results show an increasing trend of cropland abandonment due to multiple socioeconomic, ecological, and biophysical factors. The likelihood of cropland abandonment increased with household characteristics such as having more migrants, female-headed, non-agriculture occupation of household head and, having a larger amount of agriculture landholding. The study also showed that land parcels far from households, close to the forest edge, with shading effects, higher in slope, were more likely to be abandoned. This paper also identifies the effects of policy-relevant variables on choices to agriculture practices in the rural community of Nepal. ID: 3478783
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
Also available in:
No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021. -
Journal, magazine, bulletinBulletinMeat Market Review. Emerging trends and outlook 2022
Emerging trends and outlook 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The November issue of the publication summarizes the salient trends and market outlook in 2022. The international meat prices reached an all-time high in June 2022 amid tight global supplies. Moreover, global meat production in 2022 is expected to expand only moderately, constrained by animal diseases, rising input costs and extreme weather events. Meanwhile, world meat trade is likely to fall, weighed by a contraction in pig meat imports and economic slowdowns and downturns.