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DocumentOther documentA Policy Influencing Plan for the adoption and contextualization of forest and landscape restoration in Kenya
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Well formulated policies are sometimes not implemented or their implementation is delayed due to internal and external challenges that may not be inherent in the policy. It is therefore critical that these challenges be identified and addressed. This can be done in a step-wise process through a policy influencing plan (PIP). A PIP seeks to achieve incremental changes in policy stakeholders’ behaviors. A PIP for domestication of the Forest and Landscape Restoration Action Pan (FOLAREP) in Kenya was developed through the support of The Restoration Initiative funded by the Global Environment Facility and is being implemented by FAO and other partners. The PIP with critical intermediate outcomes and general timeframes was developed based on a review of literature and participatory mapping of key policies, laws and strategies. Key consulted stakeholders included policy makers, community members, Civil Society Organizations, and the private sector in Marsabit, Isiolo and Laikipia Counties. It is concluded that internal policy implementation challenges should be addressed through PIP as an enabling foundation for impactful sustainable restoration in order to help Kenya meet the Bonn Challenge and the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative commitments . Strengthening of governance systems and structures at county level, capacity building in restoration, bio-entrepreneurship and PIP as well as extensive promotion of bio-enterprises through micro, small and medium sized enterprises are recommended to ensure sustainable restoration. Key words: Policy Influencing Plan, Forest landscape restoration, Kenya ID: 3486352 -
ArticleJournal articleValuing forest ecosystem services for local policy and planning in a forest management project site in the Philippines
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.In developing and implementing forest land use plans to attain sustainable forest governance, it is necessary to determine and value priority ecosystem services derived by society from forest and watershed ecosystems. This study aimed at estimating the value of four ecosystem services in a forest management project site in Nueva Vizcaya and Quirino provinces, Philippines: provision of water services, soil erosion control, carbon storage and sequestration capacity, and biodiversity conservation. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) tool was used to value water provision services (using a cost-based approach), soil erosion control (using replacement cost method), and carbon storage and sequestration capacity (using social cost of carbon). Contingent valuation method was used to determine the willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation. BAU and Development scenarios were used in determining changes in forest and other land uses in the site as well as estimating the value of the ecosystem services. Results show increases in forestland area and amounts of carbon storage and sequestration, decreasing annual water yield due to projected declining rainfall amount, and decrease in total annual soil loss. Mean WTP is PhP170 (~ US$ 3.50)/household/year. The estimated values of the four ecosystem services provide baseline information for local governments in crafting payment for ecosystem services strategies to help fund forest conservation.Keywords: policies, financial mechanisms, sustainable forest management, governanceID: 3486628 -
ArticleJournal articleEcosystem service approach of valuing natural forests
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Ecosystem, through its structural and functional components, delivers goods and services to the functioning of ecosystem itself and ecosystem services to the human society. The present paper identifies ecosystem services and stimates economic value of natural forests through ecosystem services provided by Panchase Forest in the Central Mid-hills of Nepal. Transect walk, focus group discussion, key informant interview and expert consultation was made to identify ecosystem services. The economic value was estimated applying ‘total economic valuation’ framework considering both use and non-use values. Use values include consumptive, non-consumptive and indirect uses. Non-use values include option, existence, altruist and bequest values. Market price method was applied to estimate consumptive and indirect use values whereas, travel cost method was applied to estimate non-consumptive use values. Contingent valuation method was applied to estimate non-use values through ‘willingness to pay’. The Panchase Forest provides 17 types of ecosystem services including 6 provisioning, 6 regulating, 2 habitat and 3 cultural and amenity services. The total economic value of the ecosystem services provided by the forest was found to be USD 2.05 million per year. The contribution of consumptive use value, non-consumptive use value, indirect use value and non-use value was found to be 33%, 19%, 23% and 25%, respectively. The consumptive use value, which is recognized by national accounting system, has only one third contribution to total economic value of the forest. This results in the undervaluation of economic contribution of forests in national accounting system and thus in the country’s economic decisions. The present paper has suggested to revisit the current framework of national accounting system recognizing the value of forest ecosystem services in economic decisions. Keywords: economic value, ecosystem services, protected forest, total economic valuation ID: 3478750
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.