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DocumentProduction and fuel properties of wood chips from logging residues by timber harvesting methods
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This study calculated the productivity and cost of extraction and processing of logging residues by cut-to-length (CTL) and whole-tree (WT) harvesting methods. In addition, the comparative analysis of the characteristics of wood chip fuel to examine whether it was suitable for the fuel conditions of the energy facility. In the harvesting and processing system to produce the wood chips of logging residues the system productivity and cost of the CTL harvesting system were 1.6 Gwt/SMH and 89,865 won/Gwt, respectively. The productivity and cost of the WT harvesting system were 2.9 Gwt/SMH and 72,974 won/Gwt, respectively. The WT harvesting productivity increased 1.3times while harvesting cost decreased by 18.7% compared to the CTL harvesting system. The logging residues of wood chips were not suitable for CTL wood chips based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO 17225-4:2021) and South Korea standard (NIFoS, 2020), but the quality (A2, Second class) was improved through screening operation. The WT-unscreened wood chips conformed to NIFoS standard (second class) and did not conform to ISO but were improved through screening operation (Second class). In addition to the energy facility in plant A, all wood chips except CTL-unscreened wood chips were available through drying processing. The WT-unscreened wood chips were the lowest at 99,408 won/Gwt. Plants B, C, and D had higher moisture content than plant A, so WT-unscreened wood chips without drying processing were the lowest at 57,204 won/Gwt. Therefore, the production of logging residues should improve with operation methods that improve the quality of wood chips required for applying the variable biomass and energy facility. Keywords: Research, Sustainable forest management ID: 3622432 -
DocumentCarbon storage accounting in Brazilian harvested wood products
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Brazil is one of the world's leading manufacturers of forest products, and 94% of the raw material comes from cultivated forests, mainly of the Pinus and Eucalyptus genera. Harvested wood products (HWP) can be an important carbon pool, based on the estimated carbon stored in the products in use. Thus, as of 2006, the IPCC began to allow the inclusion of these estimates in national inventories of greenhouse gas emissions. However, Brazil only started to consider these removals and carbon emissions by HWP in the 2020 version of the inventory (base year 2016). The primary data of forest production used in this study were obtained from the database of FAO (FAOSTAT) and of IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Only products manufactured with raw material from planted forests were considered. The methodology for calculating the emission and removal of carbon dioxide followed the IPCC guidelines defined in 2006. Three groups of products were considered: sawnwood; wood-based panels; and paper and cardboard. Of the three approaches commonly used to estimate carbon absorption and emission, the most advantageous calculation was the atmospheric flow method, which is based on carbon fluxes rather than stock changes. This approach benefits major wood products exporting countries, such as Brazil. To calculate the estimates, production in the last year (2016) of 13.4 million m3 of sawnwood, 9.63 million m3 of wood panels and 10.3 million tons of paper and cardboard were considered. The estimates obtained indicate that, in 2016 (considering the period 1990-2016), the annual net contribution of forest products estimated by the atmospheric flow approach was the removal of - 50,772 Gg of CO2eq. This removal corresponds to about 3.5% of Brazil's total emissions and 12.8% of LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry) activities emissions. Keywords: Climate change, Monitoring and data collection ID: 3622194 -
ArticleMissing the food from the woods: the case of Soliga tribes of Western Ghats, India
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forest dependent indigenous communities have traditionally fulfilled their dietary requirements from a range of locally available food resources. For Soliga tribes of Biligirirangana Hills (BR Hills) in India’s Western Ghats, gathering of wild berries, tubers and mushrooms, shifting cultivation of millets, legumes and vegetables within the forests and small game hunting have habitually supported food and subsistence needs. Over the years, the traditional food practices have transformed drastically, driven by conservation policies that resulted in the resettlement of Soligas to forest peripheries, a ban on traditional fire practices and consequent colonization of forests by invasive species, altering the forest composition and leading to decline of wild food resources. We trace the trajectory of changes in Soliga food systems using a combination of methodologies ranging from a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews to household surveys in three Soliga settlements in BR Hills. Our study reveals the diminishing importance of forests as source of food and income and shift from food crops to cash crops in farms in forest peripheries to avert crop raids by wildlife. Dependence on forest produce collection and farming was found to vary based on the allocation of tribal land rights and the location of the settlements with respect to the forest type and availability of markets. While existing literature and expert respondents recognize the changing forest dynamics and the immense ecological knowledge of Soligas that complements forest conservation efforts, the nexus between forests, farming and health and nutrition of the tribe was hardly appreciated. Improved access to public food distribution system and evolving cultural preferences has increased the dependence on external markets for food. We further discuss the repercussions of these transitions on nutritional security and food sovereignty of the community. Keywords: Food systems, Human health and well-being, Biodiversity conservation, Agriculture, Sustainable Forest management ID: 3483228
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