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Book (stand-alone)Technical studyPromoting bioeconomy through agriculture practice in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2025
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This report, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), explores the promotion of bioeconomy through sustainable agricultural practices in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The analysis highlights the critical role of sustainable and circular bioeconomy in addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges, particularly in the agrifood sector. By leveraging nature-based solutions, reducing dependence on non-renewable resources, and revitalizing rural areas, the bioeconomy fosters ecosystem restoration, food security, and climate resilience.The report provides an in-depth regional assessment, identifying key agricultural practices aligned with bioeconomy principles. It evaluates production trends, regional agricultural systems, and the integration of bioeconomy strategies across diverse subregions, from the Western Balkans to Central Asia. The findings underscore the potential for bioeconomy to drive innovation in value chains, reduce environmental impact, and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Challenges such as limited statistical compatibility and uneven availability of data across subregions are addressed. Despite these limitations, the document offers a foundational perspective for understanding the intersection of bioeconomy and sustainable agriculture. It also identifies opportunities for further research and policy development to optimize the transition towards sustainable agrifood systems, emphasizing collaboration, resource efficiency, and technological innovation. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetBrochurePromoting sustainable and circular bioeconomy through agriculture practice in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2023
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This report presents an overview of concepts related to bioeconomy and the benefits of their implementation in agriculture and shares agriculture production trends, bioeconomy initiatives and sustainable agriculture approaches from throughout the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. It provides a canvas for the consideration of potential policies and initiatives that can support the development of sustainable agriculture approaches, adapted to each country, and the promotion of bioeconomy in agriculture practice in the region. Sustainable agriculture approaches – particularly organic production and climate-smart farming – are steadily gaining ground in the region. Bioenergy has significant untapped potential, and agroforestry and pastoralist activities also present important unused opportunities, given the low levels of investment needed for their implementation. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookCapitalizing on experiences of permaculture in Europe and Central Asia
Review report of implementation, constraints and opportunities. Part 1
2025Also available in:
No results found.This publication, "Capitalizing on experiences on permaculture in Europe and Central Asia: Review report of implementation, constraints, and opportunities", is the first part of a two part publication. The review report provides an in-depth look at the practice of permaculture in Europe and Central Asia, exploring its ethics and principles, as well as its benefits and application.The publication examines the concept of permaculture, its origin and its comprehensive approach to farming and food production, with diversity being at the heart of the permaculture approach. Multiple functional connections created by diversity make permaculture production similar to self-regulating natural and semi-natural ecosystems. It outlines the ethics of permaculture, which are covered by three pillars and 12 design principles, exploring each principle and the benefits these bring to farmers and food producers. This publication also presents an overview of the implementation of permaculture activities in the region, as well as good practices from selected projects which reflect the multifaceted and multilevel character of the permaculture approach.
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Book (stand-alone)High-profileThe Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security 2023
Avoiding and reducing losses through investment in resilience
2023Disasters are resulting in unprecedented levels of destruction across the world. These shocks and disruptions affect the functioning and sustainability of agricultural production and threaten the livelihoods of millions of people reliant on agrifood systems.Reducing the impact of disasters in agriculture requires a better understanding of the extent to which these events produce negative impacts in agriculture and necessitates an investigation into the underlying risks that make agriculture vulnerable to the effects of disasters.The FAO flagship report on ‘The Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security’ provides a timely and comprehensive overview of how disasters are affecting agriculture and food security around the world.Building on previous work of the FAO on this topic, the report estimates losses caused by disasters on agricultural production over the past three decades and delves into the diverse threats and impacts affecting the crops, livestock, forestry, and fisheries and aquaculture subsectors. It analyzes the complex interplay of underlying risks, such as climate change, pandemics, epidemics and armed conflicts, and how they drive disaster risk in agriculture and agrifood systems at large.The report provides examples of actions and strategies for investing in resilience and proactively addressing risks in agriculture. It demonstrates ways to mainstream disaster risk into agricultural practices and policies and calls for a deeper understanding of the context in which these solutions are implemented. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookEnsuring that rural advisory services are responsive to women: good practices from FAO experiences in Europe and Central Asia 2024
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This report builds upon FAO’s work promoting gender mainstreaming in extension and advisory services, cataloguing challenges and suggesting strategies for increasing the gender responsiveness of rural advisory services globally. The purpose of this review is to apply FAO’s accumulated knowledge about gender equality in the context of rural advisory services to assess the situation in the Europe and Central Asia region. The report provides a snapshot of the extent to which gender considerations are currently integrated into rural advisory services in the region and highlights good practices that are in line with FAO’s gender equality strategies. The report concludes with recommendations for FAO, partner organizations and stakeholders in the fields of agricultural extension and rural advisory services, on how to further improve such services to extend their reach to rural women and men who have previously had limited or no access. This process requires moving away from gender‑neutral service provision, which often results in the exclusion of women, towards transformative extension and rural advisory services that challenge unequal gender relations and address underlying discriminatory norms and practices. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetPolicy analysisGender dynamics in pesticide use and management in Central Asia and Türkiye
Policy paper
2025Also available in:
Gender and age are critical sociodemographic determinants of pesticide use, management and exposure. This paper examines pesticide use among farmers and farm workers in Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Türkiye, based on farmer surveys and expert interviews conducted under the GEF/FAO project “Pesticide Life Cycle Management and Disposal in Central Asia and Türkiye” (GCP/SEC/011/GFF) in 2020 and 2021. Despite limitations in dataset representativeness and cross-country comparability, the findings underscore the roles of women and children in pesticide handling, an issue often overlooked in formal assessments. While pesticide application and decision-making are predominantly carried out by men, there is strong evidence of women’s and children’s exposure. Moreover, women’s overrepresentation in unpaid and informal agricultural labour translates into underreported pesticide application. Concerningly, due to financial barriers and mobility constraints, women rely on inexpensive and unregulated products available in their local communities. The study also highlights the widespread lack of personal protective equipment among both genders, further contributing to health risks. This paper identifies inadequate pesticide management practices, pinpointing significant risk factors and knowledge gaps throughout the pesticide life cycle among farming household members. These findings indicate an urgent need for improved pesticide management policies and targeted training programmes tailored to the needs of women and men.